ts:

7,748 (2008)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

NA

Transportation
Antarctica

Airports:

27 (2008)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 27
over 3,047 m: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 6 (2008)

Heliports:

53
note: all year-round and seasonal stations operated by National
Antarctic Programs stations have some kind of helicopter landing
facilities, prepared (helipads) or unprepared (2007)

Ports and terminals:

there are no developed ports and harbors in Antarctica; most coastal
stations have offshore anchorages, and supplies are transferred from
ship to shore by small boats, barges, and helicopters; a few
stations have a basic wharf facility; US coastal stations include
McMurdo (77 51 S, 166 40 E), and Palmer (64 43 S, 64 03 W);
government use only except by permit (see Permit Office under "Legal
System"); all ships at port are subject to inspection in accordance
with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty; offshore anchorage is sparse and
intermittent; relevant legal instruments and authorization
procedures adopted by the states parties to the Antarctic Treaty
regulating access to the Antarctic Treaty area, to all areas between
60 and 90 degrees of latitude south, have to be complied with (see
"Legal System"); The Hydrographic Committee on Antarctica (HCA), a
special hydrographic commission of International Hydrographic
Organization (IHO), is responsible for hydrographic surveying and
nautical charting matters in Antarctic Treaty area; it coordinates
and facilitates provision of accurate and appropriate charts and
other aids to navigation in support of safety of navigation in
region; membership of HCA is open to any IHO Member State whose
government has acceded to the Antarctic Treaty and which contributes
resources and/or data to IHO Chart coverage of the area; members of
HCA are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Ecuador, France,
Germany, Greece, India, Italy, NZ, Norway, Russia, South Africa,
Spain, UK, and US (2007)

Military
Antarctica

Military - note:

the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military nature,
such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, the
carrying out of military maneuvers, or the testing of any type of
weapon; it permits the use of military personnel or equipment for
scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes

Transnational Issues
Antarctica