psychologie_, Bd. vi, s.
113, _seq._

[46-*] Sahagun, _Historia de Nueva Espana_, Lib. i, cap. 13. The Nahuatl
text is more definite than the Spanish translation.

[46-[+]] See my _Myths of the New World_, p. 154, _seq._

[46-[++]] In the Nahuatl language the word _xihuitl_ (_xiuitl_) has four
meanings: a plant, a turquoise, a year and a comet.

[46-Sec.] J. B. Carriedo, _Estudios Historicos del Estado Oaxaqueno_, Tom.
i, p. 82, etc.

[47-*] Alva, _Confessionario en Lengua Mexicana_, fol. 9.

[47-[+]] Carriedo, _Estudios Historicos_, pp. 6, 7.

[47-[++]] In the _Revue[TN-16] d' Ethnographie_, Tom. iii, p. 313. Some
very fine objects of this class are described by E. G. Squier, in his
"Observations on the Chalchihuitl," in the _Annals of the Lyceum of
Natural History_, Vol. i (New York, 1869).

[48-*] Diego Duran, _Historia de los Indios de Nueva Espana_, Tom. ii,
p. 140.

[48-[+]] In Kingsborough, _Antiquities of Mexico_, Vol. ii, Pl. 180. On
the cross as a form derived from a tree see the observations of W. H.
Holmes, in the _Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology_, pp.
270, 271.

[48-[++]] "Au Mexique, le cadre croise, la croix en sautoir, comme celle
de St. Andre, avec quelques variantes, representait le signe de
nativite, _tonalli_, la fete, le jour natal." M. Aubin, in Boban,
_Catalogue Raisonnee de la Collection Goupil_, Tom. i, p. 227. Both
Gomara and Herrera may be quoted to this effect.

[49-*] See a curious story from native sources in my _Essays of an
Americanist_, pp. 171, 172. It adds that this change can be prevented by
casting salt upon the person.

[49-[+]] Benito Maria de Moxo, _Cartas Mejicanas_, p. 257; Landa, _Cosas
de Yucatan_, p. 193.

[49-[++]] Pedro de los Rios, in his notes to the Codex Vaticanus,
published in Kingsborough's great work, assigns the sign, _cohuatl_, the
serpent, to "il membro virile, il maggio augurio di tutti gli altri." It
is distinctly so shown on the 75th plate of the Codex. De la Serna
states that in his day some of the Mexican conjurors used a wand, around
which was fastened a living serpent. _Manual de Ministros_, p. 37.

[49-Sec.] There is abundant evidence of this in certain plates of the Codex
Troano, and there is also alleged to be much in the Codex Mexicanus of
the Palais Bourbon. Writing about the latter, M. Aubin said as far back
as 1841--"le culte du lingam on du phallus n'etait pas etranger aux
Mexicains, ce qu' etablissent plusieurs doc