our
advancing knowledge.

In these as in other respects the ovaries are precisely analogous
to the testes. They not only form the ova, but they elaborate for
internal use a secretion which develops and maintains the special
physical and mental qualities of womanhood, as the testicular
secretion those of manhood. Moreover, as Cecca and Zappi found,
removal of the ovaries has exactly the same effect on the
abnormal development of the other ductless glands as has removal
of the testes. It is of interest to point out that the internal
secretion of the ovaries and its important functions seem to have
been suggested before any other secretion than the sperm was
attributed to the testes. Early in the nineteenth century Cabanis
argued ("De l'Influence des Sexes sur le Caractere des Idees et
des Affections Morales," _Rapport du Physique et du Moral de
l'Homme_, 1824, vol. ii, p. 18) that the ovaries are secreting
glands, forming a "particular humor" which is reabsorbed into the
blood and imparts excitations which are felt by the whole system
and all its organs.

FOOTNOTES:

[129] The composite character of the semen was recognized by various old
authors, some of whom said, (e.g., Wharton) that it had three
constituents, which they usually considered to be: (1) The noblest and
most essential part, from the testicles; (2) a watery element from the
vesiculae; (3) an oily element from the prostate. Schurig, _Spermatologia_,
1720, p. 17.

[130] See, e.g., C. Mansell Moulin, "A Contribution to the Morphology of
the Prostate," _Journal of Anatomy and Physiology_, January, 1895; G.
Walker, "A Contribution to the Anatomy and Physiology of the Prostate
Gland, and a Few Observations on Ejaculation," _Johns Hopkins Hospital
Bulletin_, October, 1900.

[131] For a study of the semen and its constituents, see Florence, "Du
Sperme," _Archives d'Anthropologie Criminelle_, 1895.

[132] J. Hunter, _Essays and Observations_, vol. i, p. 189.

[133] As regards one part of Australia, Walter Roth, _Ethnological Studies
Among the Queensland Aborigines_, p. 174.

[134] Sir H.H. Johnston, _British Central Africa_, p. 438.

[135] Cap. VII, pp. 327-357, "De Spermaticis virilis usu Medico,"

[136] W.L. Howard, "Sexual Perversion," _Alienist and Neurologist_,
January, 1896.

[137] _Zentralblatt fuer Gynaekologie_, 1894, No. 49.

[138] E. Toff, "Uber Impraegnierung," _Zentra