'e]raries, arch['e]ologiques, scientifiques, agricoles, syndicats
professionels et agricoles, associations professionelles amicales
d'instituteurs, soci['e]t['e]s de secours mutuels, etc.), qui doivent
[^e]tre encourag['e]es par tous les moyens au lieu d'[^e]tre
g[^e]n['e]es dans leur essor."--Ibid., S['e]nat, 1908, No. 340, p. 84.

[374] Defined thus in the law of 1878: "Pour moiti['e] au moins de leur
superficie [a'] la reproduction des d['e]bats des Chambres, des
expos['e]s des motifs des projets de lois, des rapports de commissions,
des actes et documents officiels, et des cours, officiels ou non, des
halles, bourses, et march['e]s."

[375] P. Jaccottey, op. cit., p. 322.

[376] Certain questions arose on this point, and the Council of State
decided that there was no need to inquire whether the printed sheet
added to the newspaper constituted an accidental and unforeseen
addition, whether it was the production of the paper, whether it really
appertained to the paper, nor whether it was printed at the same time.
All that was necessary, in order that it might be regarded as a
supplement, was that it should bear the title and date of the number
which it accompanied.--Ibid., p. 325.

The Keeper of the Seals concurred in this opinion, and held that it was
unnecessary to inquire into the circumstance in which the supplement was
joined to the paper, whether it was special or whether it was printed at
the same time; but that the supplement ought to fulfil the conditions
imposed on all newspapers, to mention the title of the paper, together
with the date or serial number, and to preserve, at least materially,
the appearance of an annexe to the principal journal.--Ad. Frault,
_Manuel postal, th['e]orique et pratique_, Paris, 1893, pp. 385-6.

[377] The second oldest newspaper in Germany, the _Postavisen_, which
appeared in Frankfurt in 1617, was published by the Taxis Postmaster,
Johann von den Birghden. Cf. B. Faulhaber, _Geschichte des Postwesens in
Frankfurt am Main_, Frankfurt, 1883, p. 62.

[378] Dr. Artur Schmidt, _Finanz-Archiv_, 1906, vol. 23, part 1. p. 64;
_Archiv f[:u]r Post und Telegraphie_, 1884, p. 290.

[379] _Archiv f[:u]r Post und Telegraphie_, 1884, p. 291.

[380] Regulativ [:u]ber die k[:u]nftige Verwaltung des Zeitungswesens,
15th December 1821.

[381] Decree of 26th June 1848.

[382] Statute of 4th November 1867, fixing rates of postage for the
North German Union:--

"Diese Bestimmung entspra