eadings or titles of the formulae
are invariably part of the text. In the present translation they are
given both in English and in the Latin used by those originals which
the translator considered most characteristic titles.

They have been set in prominent type as titles over each formula,
whereas in the originals the formulae of the various chapters run
together, in many instances without distinct separation.

NUMBERING OF RECIPES

A system of numbering the recipes has therefore been adopted by the
translator, following the example of Schuch, which does not exist in
the other originals but the numbers in the present translation do not
correspond to those adopted by Schuch for reasons which hereafter
become evident.

NOTES AND COMMENTS BY THE TRANSLATOR

The notes, comments and variants added to each recipe by the
translator are printed in upper and lower case and in the same type as
the other contributions by the translator, the Apiciana, the Critical
Review and the Vocabulary and Index.

For the sake of convenience, to facilitate the study of each recipe
and for quick reference the notes follow in each and every case such
ancient recipe as they have reference to.

ABBREVIATIONS

NY--The New York Codex (formerly Cheltenham), Apiciana, I
Vat.--The Vatican Codex, Apiciana, II.
Vin.--The Codex Salmasianus, Excerpta a Vinidario, Apiciana, III.
B. de V.--Edition by Bernardinus, Venice, n.d., Apiciana, No. 1.
Lan.--Edition by Lancilotus, Milan, 1498, Apiciana, Nos. 2-3.
Tac.--Edition by Tacuinus, Venice, 1503, Apiciana, No. 4.
Tor.--Edition by Torinus, Basel (and Lyons), 1541, Apiciana,
Nos. 5-6.
Hum.--Edition by Humelbergius, Zuerich, 1542, Apiciana, No. 7.
List.--Edition by Lister, London, 1705, Amst., 1709, Apiciana,
Nos. 8-9.
Bern.--Edition by Bernhold, Marktbreit, etc., Apiciana,
Nos. 10-11.
Bas.--Edition by Baseggio, Venice, 1852, Apiciana, No. 13.
Sch.--Edition by Schuch, Heidelberg, 1867/74, Apiciana,
Nos. 14-15.
Goll.--Edition by Gollmer, Leipzig, 1909, Apiciana, No. 16.
Dann.--Edition by Danneil, Leipzig, 1911, Apiciana, No. 17.
G.-V.--Edition by Giarratano-Vollmer, Leip. 1922, Apiciana,
No. 19.
V.--The present translation.
Giarr.--Giarratano; Voll.--F. Vollmer; Bran.--Edward Brandt.

INTRODUCTION

BY

FREDERICK STARR

_Formerly Professor of Anthropology at the