s passed in her consciousness from
passive to active. We can go so far as to say that the patient
has the will to steal. This state is complex and obscure,
hitherto no one has explained it. * * * The facts of paralysis
by suggestion completely upset classical psychology. The
experimenter who produces them so easily knows neither what he
produces nor how he does it. Take the example of a systematic
anaesthesia (paralysis of sensation). We say to the subject, 'On
awakening you will not see Mr. X., who is there before us; he
will have completely disappeared.' No sooner said than done; the
patient on awakening sees every one around her except Mr. X.
When he speaks she does not answer his questions; if he places
his hand on her shoulder she does not feel the contact; if he
gets in her way, she walks straight on, and is terrified at
being stopped by an invisible obstacle. * * * Here the laws of
association, which do such good service in solving psychological
problems, abandon us completely. Apparently they do not account
for all the facts of consciousness."

PORTRAITS BY HALLUCINATION.

A remarkable and suggestive series of experiments performed with
portraits by hallucination is given in the book. These experiments
show, that if by suggestion a subject is made to see a portrait on a
sheet of card board which is exactly alike on both sides, the image
will always be seen on the same side, and, however it is presented,
the subject will always place the card with the surfaces and edges in
the exact positions they occupied at the moment of suggestion, in such
a manner that the image can neither be reversed nor inclined. If the
surfaces are reversed, the image is no longer seen; if the edges, it
is seen upside down. The subject is never caught in a mistake; the
changes may be made out of his sight, but the image is invariably seen
in accordance with the primitive conditions, although absolutely no
difference is to be detected by the normal vision between the two
blank surfaces.

One experiment brings out this fact clearly. On a white sheet of paper
is placed a card equally white; with a fine point, but without
touching the paper, the contour of the card is followed while the idea
of a line traced in black is suggested to the subject. The subject,
when awakened, is asked to fold the paper according to these imaginary
lines. He holds the paper at the distance