is got by dyeing with 8 lbs. cudbear, 1/2 lb.
logwood (for 30 lbs. wool).

_To dye Yellow on Linen with the Lichen Peltigera canina_ (a large
flat lichen growing on rocks in woods). Mordant with alum (1/4 lb. to
a lb. of linen) boil for 2 hours. Then boil up with sufficient
quantity of the lichen till the desired colour is got.

LIST OF LICHENS USED BY THE PEASANTRY OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES FOR WOOL
DYEING[D]

SHADES OF RED, PURPLE AND ORANGE

_Borrera ashney._ Chutcheleera. India.

_Conicularia aculeata._ var. _spadicea._ Brown prickly
cornicularia. Canary Islands, Highland Mountains.

_Evernia prunastri._ Ragged hoary Lichen. Stag's horn
Lichen. Found in Scotland on trees.

_Isidium corallinum._ White crottle. On rocks in Scotland.

_I. Westringii._ Westring's Isidium. Norway and Sweden.

_Lecanora tartarea._ Crotal, Crottle, Corkur, Corcir,
Korkir. Found in the Scotch Highlands and Islands, growing
on rocks; used for the manufacture of Cudbear in Leith and
Glasgow.

_L. parella._ Light Crottle, Crabs Eye Lichen. Found in
Scotland, France and England, on rocks and trees; formerly
celebrated in the South of France in the making of the dye
called Orseille d'Auvergne.

_L. haematomma._ Bloody spotted lecanora, Black lecanora.
Found in Scotland on rocks and trees.

_Lecidea sanguinaria._ Red fruited lecidea. In Scotland, on
rocks.

_Nephroma parilis._ Chocolate coloured nephroma. Scotland,
on stones. Said to dye blue.

_Parmelia caperata._ Stone Crottle, Arcel. Found in North of
Ireland and Isle of Man, on trees. Said to dye brown, orange
lemon and yellow.

_P. conspersa._ Sprinkled parmelia. Found growing on rocks
in England.

_P. omphalodes._ Black Crottle, Cork, Corker, Crostil or
Crostal (Scotch Highlands). Arcel (Ireland). Kenkerig
(Wales). Alaforel leaf (Sweden). Found on rocks, especially
Alpine, in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and Scandinavia. One of
the most extensively used dye lichens. It yields a dark
brown dye readily to boiling water, and it is easily fixed
to yarns by simple mordants. It is stated to yield a red,
crimson or purple dye.

_P. saxatilis._ Crottle, stane-raw, Staney-raw (Scotland).
Scrottyie (Shetland). Sten-laf, Sten-mossa (Norway and
Sweden). Found on rocks and stones in Scotland, Shetland