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and continually, and cheaper. 2. _Without digging of homes or charging of carts, or any other charge to the subject whatsoever._ {226} 3. To performe the whole service at our owne cost. 4. Not to hinder any man in his owne way of makeing saltpetre, nor importation from forreine parts." The following memorandum is underwritten: "Mr. Speaker hath our Bill; Be pleased to-morrow to call for it." The original draft of the above disinterested offer may be seen Harl. CLVIII. fol. 272. FURVUS. St. James's. * * * * * TSAR. (Vol. viii., p. 150.) The difficulty in investigating the origin of this word is that the letter _c_, "the most wonderful of all letters," says Eichhoff (_Vergleichung der Sprachen_, p. 55.), sounds like _k_ before the vowels _a_, _o_, _u_, but before _e_, _i_, in French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch, as _s_, in Italian as _tsh_, in German as _ts_. It is always _ts_ in Polish and Bohemian. In Russian it is represented by a special letter [Cyrillic: ts], _tsi_; but in Celtic it is always _k_. Conformably with this principle, the Russians, like the Germans, Poles, and Bohemians, pronounce the Latin _c_ as _ts_. So Cicero in these languages is pronounced _Tsitsero_, very differently from the Greeks, who called him _Kikero_. The letter _tsi_ is a supplementary one in Russian, having no corresponding letter in the Greek alphabet, from which the Russian was formed in the ninth century by St. Cyril. The word to be sought then amongst cognate languages as the counterpart of _tsar_ (or as the Germans write it _czar_) is _car_, as pronounced in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch. The most probable etymological connection that I can discover is with the Sanscrit [Sanskrit: car] _car_, to move, to advance; the root of the Greek [Greek: karrhon], in English _car_, Latin _curro_, French _cours_. So Sanscrit _caras_, _carat_, movable, nimble; Greek [Greek: chraon], Latin _currens_. And Sanscrit _caras_, motion, Greek [Greek: choros], Latin _currus_, _cursus_, French _char_, English _car_, _cart_, &c. The early Russians were doubtless wanderers, an off-shoot of the people known to the Greeks as Scythians, and to the Hebrews and Arabians as Gog and Magog, who travelled in _cars_, occupying first one territory with their flocks, but not cultivating the land, then leaving it to nature and taking up another resting-place. It is cert
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