UPUYTREN, one of France's
greatest surgeons, until, in after years, they themselves became
sufficiently great to become its Consulting Surgeons. In France,
honors are gained by ability alone, and not, as here, by political
influence and wire-pulling.}

The following is a list of the French Hospitals with which Civiale and
Lallemand were connected during their lives.

HOTEL DIEU. LA PITIE. LA CHARITE. LARABOISIERE. St. ANTOINE. HOPITAL
NECKAR. HOPITAL COCHIN. HOPITAL St. LOUIS. HOPITAL Du MIDI. HOPITAL
LOURCINE. La MATERNITE. HOSPICE BICETRE.

We next give extracts from Appleton's Cyclopedia, to which reference has
already been made.

LALLEMAND, CLAUDE FRANCOIS, a French physician, born in Metz, Jan. 26,
1790, died in Marseilles, Aug. 25, 1854. After serving as assistant
surgeon in the armies of the Empire, he studied in Paris at the Hotel
Dieu under Dupuytren, and, from 1819 to 1845, was Professor of Clinical
Surgery at Montpelier, with the exception of three years, during which
he was suspended for his liberal political expressions. His most
important work, _Recherches Anatomica Pathologiques sur l'Encephale et
ses Dependances_ (Paris, 1820-1836), established his reputation, and was
translated into many languages. In 1845 he was elected to the _Academy
of Sciences_, removed to Paris, and was consulted by patients from every
part of Europe. He bequeathed 50,000 francs to the Institute.
--[_Appleton's Cyclopedia, vol. x, p. 144._

{Illustration: Prof. JEAN CIVIALE.}

{Illustration: Prof. CLAUDE F. LALLEMAND}

CIVIALE, JEAN, a French surgeon, the originator of the operation of
Lithotrity, born near Thiezac, Auvergne, 1792, died in Paris, June 13,
1867. At a very early age, while a pupil of Dupuytren at the _Hotel
Dieu_ hospital in Paris, his attention is said to have been attracted
to the subject of his future discovery; and, after many years of
perseverance, he succeeded in perfecting and introducing to the
profession his new operation of lithotrity. Before that time the only
means was the serious and often dangerous operation of lithotomy (SEE
STONE). He was the teacher of several generations of lithotriptists,
became a member of the MEDICAL ACADEMY, and an officer of the LEGION OF
HONOR. His principal publications are: _De la Lithotritie, ou brolement
de la pierre_, (_Paris_), 1827); _Lettres sur la Lithotritie, &c._
(1827); _Traite pratique et historique de la Lithotritie_ (1847);
_Resultats Clini