il the required color
appears. This for tools to be used in turning steel, iron, and brass
may be a straw color. For turning wood it may be softer. The main
point to be observed in tempering a tool is to have it as hard as
possible without danger of its being broken while in use. By a little
experiment the amateur will be able to suit the temper of his tools to
the work in hand.

In the engraving accompanying the present article a number of hand
turning tools are shown, also a few tools for the slide rest. These
tools are familiar to machinists and may be well known to many
amateurs; but we give them for the benefit of those who are
unacquainted with them and for the sake of completeness in this series
of articles.

[Illustration: TURNING TOOLS.]

Fig. 1 is the ordinary diamond tool, made from a square bar of steel
ground diagonally so as to give it two similar cutting edges. This
tool is perhaps more generally useful than any of the others. The
manner of using it is shown in Fig. 23; it is placed on the tool rest
and dexterously moved on the rest as a pivot, causing the point to
travel in a circular path along the metal in the lathe. Of course only
a small distance is traveled over before the tool is moved along on
the rest. After a little experience it will be found that by
exercising care a good job in plain turning may be done with the tool.

Fig. 2 shows a sharp V shaped tool which will be found useful for many
purposes. Fig. 3 is a V shaped tool for finishing screw threads. Figs.
4 and 5 are round-nosed tools for concave surfaces; Fig. 6, a square
tool for turning convex and plane surfaces. The tool shown in Fig. 7
should be made right and left; it is useful in turning brass, ivory,
hard wood, etc. Fig. 8 is a separating tool; Fig. 9 is an inside tool,
which should be made both right and left, and its point may be either
round, V shaped, or square. Fig. 24 shows the manner of holding an
inside tool. Fig. 10 is a tool for making curved undercuts. Fig. 11 is
a representative of a large class of tools for duplicating a given
form.

These figures represent a series of tools which may be varied
infinitely to adapt them to different purposes. The user, if he is
wide awake, is not long in discovering what angle to give the cutting
edge, what shape to give the point, and what position to give the tool
in relation to the work to be done.

Having had experience with hand tools it requires only a little
practice and