hat they took to flight.

NOTE 5.--The specification that only _seven_ were saved from Marco's
company is peculiar to Pauthier's Text, not appearing in the G. T.

Several names compounded of _Salm_ or _Salmi_ occur on the dry lands on
the borders of Kerman. Edrisi, however (I. p. 428), names a place called
KANAT-UL-SHAM as the first march in going from Jiruft to Walashjird.
Walashjird is, I imagine, represented by _Galashkird_, Major R. Smith's
third march from Jiruft (see my Map of Routes from Kerman to Hormuz); and
as such an indication agrees with the view taken below of Polo's route,
I am strongly disposed to identify Kanat-ul-Sham with his _castello_ or
walled village of _Canosalmi_.

["Marco Polo's Conosalmi, where he was attacked by robbers and lost the
greater part of his men, is perhaps the ruined town or village Kamasal
(Kahn-i-asal = the honey canal), near Kahnuj-i-pancheh and Vakilabad in
Jiruft. It lies on the direct road between Shehr-i-Daqianus (Camadi) and
the Nevergun Pass. The road goes in an almost due southerly direction. The
Nevergun Pass accords with Marco Polo's description of it; it is very
difficult, on account of the many great blocks of sandstone scattered upon
it. Its proximity to the Bashakird mountains and Mekran easily accounts
for the prevalence of robbers, who infested the place in Marco Polo's
time. At the end of the Pass lies the large village Shamil, with an old
fort; the distance thence to the site of Hormuz or Bender 'Abbas (lying
more to the west) is 52 miles, two days' march. The climate of Bender
'Abbas is very bad, strangers speedily fall sick, two of my men died
there, all the others were seriously ill." (_Houtum-Schindler_, l.c. pp.
495-496.) Major Sykes (ch. xxiii.) says: "Two marches from Camadi was
Kahn-i-Panchur, and a stage beyond it lay the ruins of Fariab or Pariab,
which was once a great city, and was destroyed by a flood, according to
local legend. It may have been Alexander's Salmous, as it is about the
right distance from the coast, and if so, could not have been Marco's
_Cono Salmi_. Continuing on, Galashkird mentioned by Edrisi, is the next
stage."--H. C.]

The raids of the Mekranis and Biluchis long preceded those of the
Karaunas, for they were notable even in the time of Mahmud of Ghazni, and
they have continued to our own day to be prosecuted nearly on the same
stage and in the same manner. About 1721, 4000 horsemen of this
description plundered the town of