ment, and the "Algonquin National Park," north-east
of Lake Simcoe, the property of Ontario.

_Fisheries_.--The principal fisheries are those on the Atlantic coast,
carried on by the inhabitants of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince
Edward Island, and the eastern section of Quebec. Cod, herring, mackerel
and lobsters are the fish chiefly caught, though halibut, salmon,
anchovies and so-called sardines are also exported. Bounties to
encourage deep-sea fishing have been given by the federal government
since 1882. In British Columbian waters the main catch is of salmon, in
addition to which are halibut, oolachan, herring, sturgeon, cod and
shellfish. The lakes of Ontario and Manitoba produce white fish,
sturgeon and other fresh-water fish. About 80,000 persons find more or
less permanent employment in the fishing industry, including the
majority of the Indians of British Columbia.

The business of fur-seal catching is carried on to some extent in the
North Pacific and in Bering Sea by sealers from Victoria, but the
returns show it to be a decreasing industry, as well as one causing
friction with the United States. Indeed, no department of national life
has caused more continual trouble between the two peoples than the
fisheries, owing to different laws regarding fish protection, and the
constant invasion by each of the territorial waters of the other.

_Education_.--The British North America Act imposes on the provincial
legislatures the duty of legislating on educational matters, the
privileges of the denominational and separate schools in Ontario and
Quebec being specially safeguarded. In 1871, the New Brunswick
legislature abolished the separate school system, and a contest arose
which was finally settled by the authority of the legislature being
sustained, though certain concessions were made to the Roman Catholic
dissentients. Subsequently a similar difficulty arose in Manitoba, where
the legislature in 1890 abolished the system of separate schools which
had been established in 1871. After years of bitter controversy, in
which a federal ministry was overthrown, a compromise was arranged in
1897, in which the Roman Catholic leaders have never fully acquiesced.
In the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, formed in 1905, certain
educational privileges, (though not amounting to a separate school
system) were granted to the Roman Catholics.

All the provinces have made sacrifices to insure the spread of
education. In