he other parts are attached.

[Illustration: FIG. 49.--SPADING-FORK AND SPADE.]

[Illustration: FIG. 50.--A WOOD BEAM-PLOW
_a_, stock; _b_, beam; _c_, handles; _d_, clevis, _e_, shackle, _f_,
share; _g_, mould board; _h_, landside; _k_, jointer or skimmer, _l_,
truck or wheel, _p_, point or nose, _s_, shin.]

_A beam_, to which the power is attached by which the plow is drawn.
Some plows have wooden beams and others have iron beams.

_Handles_ by which the plowman guides and steadies the plow and also
turns it at the corners of the plowed ground in going about the field.

_A clevis_, which is attached to the end of the beam and is used to
regulate the depth of plowing. To the clevis is attached a _draft
ring_ or _shackle_, to which the horse or team is fastened. To make
the plow run deep the draft ring or shackle is placed in the upper
holes or notches of the clevis; to make it run shallow the ring is
placed in the lower holes. On some plows there are only notches in the
clevis for holding the ring, they answer the same purpose as holes.
The clevis is also used on some plows to regulate the width of the
furrow. By moving the draft ring or shackle towards the plowed land
the plow is made to cut a wider furrow, moving it away from the plowed
land causes the plow to cut narrower.

Some plows have a double clevis so that the draft ring may be raised
or lowered, or moved to right or left. With some plows the width of
the furrow is adjusted by moving the beam at its attachment to the
handles.

_A share_, called by some the point, which shears the bottom of the
furrow slice from the land. The share should be sharp, especially for
plowing in grass land and land full of tough roots. If the share,
particularly the point, becomes worn so that it bevels from beneath
upwards it will be hard to keep the plow in the soil, for it will tend
to slide up to the surface. If this happens the share must be renewed
or sharpened. Plows are being made now with share and point separate,
and both of these reversible (Fig. 51), so that if either becomes worn
on the under side it can be taken out and turned over and put back and
it is all right, they thus become self-sharpening.

_A mouldboard._ This turns and breaks the furrow slice. The degree to
which the mouldboard pulverizes depends on the steepness of its slant
upward and the abruptness of its curve sidewise. The steeper it is and
the more abrupt the curve, the greater is its pulveri