ch the children sang about the Bridge.
Especially there was the story of Edward Osborne. He was the son of one
Richard Osborne, a gentleman of Kent. Like many sons of the poor country
gentlemen, he was sent up to London and apprenticed to Sir William
Hewitt a cloth worker who lived on London Bridge. His master had a
daughter named Anne, a little girl who one day, while playing with her
nurse at an open window overhanging the river, fell out into the rushing
water sixty feet below. The apprentice, young Osborne, leaped into the
river after her and succeeded in saving her. When the girl was grown up
her father gave her to his ex-apprentice, Edward Osborne, to wife.
Edward Osborne became Lord Mayor. His descendant is now Duke of Leeds.
So that the Dukedom of Leeds sprang from that gallant leap out of the
window overhanging the river Thames from London Bridge.

17. THE TOWER OF LONDON.

PART I.

In an age when every noble's house was a castle, and when every castle
was erected in order to dominate, as well as to defend, the town and the
district in which it stood, the Tower of London was erected. The builder
of the White Tower was William the Conqueror, who gave the City its
Charter but had no intention of giving up his own sovereignty; the
architect, as has been already said, was one Gundulph, Bishop of
Rochester. Part of the City wall was pulled down to make room for it,
and it was intended at once for the King's Palace, the King's Castle,
and the King's Prison. It was also the key of London--who held the
Tower, held the City.

William Rufus built a wall round the Tower so as to separate it entirely
from the City and to prevent the danger of a hasty rising of the
people: with the same object he gave it a water gate.

A hundred years later, while Richard Coeur de Lion was on his Crusade,
the moat was constructed. Henry III. and his son Edward I. added to the
outer walls and strengthened them.

[Illustration: TOWER OF LONDON.]

There is a plan of the Tower made from a survey of the year 1597 and
published by the Society of Antiquaries. A study of the plan should be
made before visiting the place. Remark first of all that the fortress
has three entrances only: one at the S.W. angle to the City; one to the
river now called Traitors' Gate; and one on the S.E. angle called the
Irongate: that it is surrounded by a broad and deep moat which could be
filled at every high tide: that from the moat rises a battlemente