in three seedbeds. Each treatment was therefore represented nine
times with a total of 162 nuts in each treatment.

To determine whether time of outdoor stratification has any effect on
germination and emergence, three other seedlots were treated as follows:

1. Planted November 28, 1940 5. Stratified January 30, 1941
2. Stratified November 28, 1940 6. Stratified February 20, 1941
3. Stratified December 19, 1940 7. Stratified March 13, 1941
4. Stratified January 9, 1941

These three seedlots were also planted in three seedbeds with a total of
135 in each treatment.

With one exception, all nuts in the two tests were planted April 3,
1941. One of the two lots stored dry was soaked in water for five days,
then planted April 7. Seedbeds were equipped with screen wire cloth at a
depth of 10 inches.

~Results~: In both tests, fall nut planting resulted in the best
germination. Germination was higher for nuts planted in the fall than
for nuts stratified on the same day for spring planting, although the
difference was significant only in the second test. Outdoor
stratification produced the best results, followed in order by indoor
stratification at 38-40 deg. F and 45-50 deg. F. None of the nuts stored dry
germinated. Time of stratification proved to be important. Any delay
after November 28 resulted in reduced and retarded germination and
consequently smaller seedlings.

Depth of Planting and Seed Orientation

The effect of planting depth on germination and on seedling size was
investigated by planting black walnuts one, two, three, and four inches
deep. Other nuts were planted in three positions: (1) radicle end up,
(2) on side, and (3) radicle end down.

~Results~: Germination was unaffected by any of these treatments. The
emergence of the seedlings was retarded by deep planting and hence the
final diameter of seedlings was smaller. There was little difference in
seedlings from nuts planted one and two inches deep but they were
noticeably larger than those planted 3 and 4 inches deep. Planting nuts
with the radicle end down invariably produced seedlings with undesirable
crooks in the root-stem region which made them unsuitable for grafting.
Planting nuts radicle end up produced straighter seedlings than planting
them on their side. The latter method was the most economical for
nursery practice.

Seed Size

To study the effect of kernel size on size of seedling produced in the
n