diagram of apple.]

From the examples given, it will be seen that the order includes not
only some of the most ornamental, cultivated plants, but the majority
of our best fruits. In addition to those already given, may be
mentioned the raspberry, blackberry, quince, plum, and apricot.

[Illustration: FIG. 115.--_Calyciflorae_ (_Leguminosae_). _A_, flowers
and leaf of the common pea, _Pisum_ (_Papilionaceae_), x 1/2. _t_,
tendril. _st._ stipules. _B_, the petals, separated and displayed,
x 1. _C_, flower, with the calyx and corolla removed, x 1. _D_, a
fruit divided lengthwise, x 1/2. _E_, the embryo, with one of the
cotyledons removed, x 2. _F_, diagram of the flower. _G_, flower of
red-bud, _Cercis_ (_Caesalpinaceae_), x 2. _H_, the same, with calyx and
corolla removed. _I_, inflorescence of the sensitive-brier,
_Schrankia_ (_Mimosaceae_), x 1. _J_, a single flower, x 2.]

The last order of the _Calyciflorae_ and the highest of the
_Choripetalae_ is the order _Leguminosae_, of which the bean, pea,
clover, and many other common plants are examples. In most of our
common forms the flowers are peculiar in shape, one of the petals
being larger than the others, and covering them in the bud. This
petal is known as the standard. The two lateral petals are known as
the wings, and the two lower and inner are generally grown together
forming what is called the "keel" (Fig. 115, _A_, _B_). The stamens,
ten in number, are sometimes all grown together into a tube, but
generally the upper one is free from the others (Fig. 115, _C_). There
is but one carpel which forms a pod with two valves when ripe
(Fig. 115, _D_). The seeds are large, and the embryo fills the seed
completely. From the peculiar form of the flower, they are known as
_Papilionaceae_ (_papilio_, a butterfly). Many of the _Papilionaceae_
are climbers, either having twining stems, as in the common beans, or
else with part of the leaf changed into a tendril as in the pea
(Fig. 115, _A_), vetch, etc. The leaves are usually compound.

Of the second family (_Caesalpineae_), mainly tropical, the honey locust
(_Gleditschia_) and red-bud (_Cercis_) (Fig. 115, _G_) are the
commonest examples. The flowers differ mainly from the _Papilionaceae_
in being less perfectly papilionaceous, and the stamens are almost
entirely distinct (Fig. 115, _H_). The last family (_Mimosaceae_) is
also mainly tropical. The acacias, sensitive-plant (_Mimosa_), and the
sensitive-brier of the sout