mmon
sage, _Salvia_ (_Labiatae_), x 1. Part of the persistent calyx has been
removed to show the four seed-like fruits, or nutlets. _G_, section of
a nutlet, x 3. The embryo fills the seed completely. _H_, part of an
inflorescence of figwort, _Scrophularia_ (_Scrophularineae_), x 1. _I_,
cross-section of the young fruit, x 2. _J_, flower of speedwell,
_Veronica_ (_Scrophularineae_), x 2. _K_, fruit of _Veronica_, x 2.
_L_, cross-section of _K_. _M_, flower of moth-mullein, _Verbascum_
(_Scrophularineae_), x 1/2. _N_, flower of toad-flax, _Linaria_
(_Scrophularineae_), x 1. _O_, leaf of bladder-weed, _Utricularia_
(_Lentibulariaceae_), x 1. _x_, one of the "traps." _P_, a single trap,
x 5.]

The _Scrophularineae_ differ mainly from the _Labiatae_ in having round
stems, and the ovary not splitting into separate one-seeded fruits.
The leaves are also sometimes alternate. There are generally four
stamens, two long and two short, as in the labiates, but in the
mullein (_Verbascum_) (Fig. 120, _M_), where the flower is only
slightly zygomorphic, there is a fifth rudimentary stamen, while in
others (_e.g._ _Veronica_) (Fig. 120, _J_) there are but two stamens.
Many have large, showy flowers, as in the cultivated foxglove
(_Digitalis_), and the native species of _Gerardia_, mullein,
_Mimulus_, etc., while a few like the figwort, _Scrophularia_
(Fig. 120, _H_), and speedwells (_Veronica_) have duller-colored or
smaller flowers.

[Illustration: FIG. 121.--_Anisocarpous sympetalae_ (_Labiatiflorae_).
_A_, flowering branch of trumpet-creeper, _Tecoma_ (_Bignoniaceae_),
x 1/4. _B_, a single flower, divided lengthwise, x 1/2. _C_, cross-section
of the ovary, x 2. _D_, diagram of the flower. _E_, flower of vervain,
_Verbena_ (_Verbenae_), x 2: i, from the side; ii, from in front; iii,
the corolla laid open. _F_, nearly ripe fruit of the same, x 2. _G_,
part of a spike of flowers of the common plantain, _Plantago_
(_Plantagineae_), x 1; The upper flowers have the pistils mature, but
the stamens are not yet ripe. _H_, a flower from the upper (younger)
part of the spike. _I_, an older expanded flower, with ripe stamens,
x 3.]

The curious bladder-weed (_Utricularia_) is the type of the family
_Lentibulariaceae_, aquatic or semi-aquatic plants which possess
special contrivances for capturing insects or small water animals.
These in the bladder-weed are little sacs (Fig. 120, _P_) which act as
traps from which the animals cannot escap