fference between the sounds of music and those of
language?

6. How does this prove the necessity of form?

7. By what is the presence of form in music shown?

8. What is the beat?

9. What is the measure?

10. By what means are the measures indicated, (1) to the reader; (2) to
the listener?

11. To what does the further multiplication of the beats give rise?

12. What are cadences?

13. What purpose do they serve in music?

14. What is the best general name for a melody?

15. What object does it fulfil in music form?

16. What are the two vital requisites upon which the enjoyment of an
art creation depends?

17. What purpose does Unity serve?

18. What purpose does Variety serve?

19. What is the great problem of the art-creator?

20. Define the conditions that confirm the principle of unity in music.

21. Define the evidences of variety in music.

CHAPTER II. FUNDAMENTAL DETAILS.

TIME.--Time is the same thing in music that it is everywhere else in
nature. It is what passes while a piece of music is being played,
sung, or read. It is like the area of the surface upon which the
musical structure is to be erected, and which is measured or divided
into so many units for this, so many for that, so many for the other
portion of the musical Form. Time is that quantity which admits of the
necessary reduction to units (like the feet and inches of a yardstick),
whereby a System of Measurement is established that shall determine the
various lengths of the tones, define their rhythmic conditions, and
govern the co-operation of several melodies sung or played together.
Time is the canvas upon which the musical images are drawn--in melodic
_lines_.

TEMPO.--This refers to the degree of motion. The musical picture is
not constant, but panoramic; we never hear a piece of music all at
once, but as a panorama of successive sounds. Tempo refers to the rate
of speed with which the scroll passes before our minds. Thus we speak
of rapid tempo (_allegro_, and the like), or slow tempo (_adagio_), and
so forth.

BEATS.--The beats are the units in our System of Measurement,--as it
were, the inches upon our yardstick of time; they are the particles of
time that we mark when we "count," or that the conductor marks with the
"beats" of his baton. Broadly speaking, the ordinary beat (in moderate
tempo) is about equivalent to a second of time; to less or more than
this, of course, in rapid or slow tempo.