honos, colos, etc., also occur, particularly in
early Latin and in poetry.

II. i-Stems.

_A. Masculine and Feminine i-Stems._

37. These regularly end in -is in the Nominative Singular, and always have
-ium in the Genitive Plural. Originally the Accusative Singular ended in
-im, the Ablative Singular in -i, and the Accusative Plural in -is; but
these endings have been largely displaced by -em, -e, and -es, the endings
of Consonant-Stems.

38. Tussis, f., Ignis, m., Hostis, c.,
_cough_; stem, _fire_; stem, _enemy_; stem,
tussi-. igni-. hosti-.

SINGULAR. TERMINATION.
_Nom._ tussis ignis hostis -is
_Gen._ tussis ignis hostis -is
_Dat._ tussi igni hosti -i
_Acc._ tussim ignem hostem -im, -em
_Voc._ tussis ignis hostis -is
_Abl._ tussi igni or e hoste -i, -e

PLURAL.
_Nom._ tusses ignes hostes -es
_Gen._ tussium ignium hostium -ium
_Dat._ tussibus ignibus hostibus -ibus
_Acc._ tussis or -es ignis or -es hostis or -es -is, -es
_Voc._ tusses ignes hostes -es
_Abl._ tussibus ignibus hostibus -ibus

1. To the same class belong--

apis, _bee_. cratis, _hurdle_. +*securis, _axe_.
auris, _ear_. *febris, _fever_. sementis, _sowing_.
avis, _bird_. orbis, _circle_. +*sitis, _thirst_.
axis, _axle_. ovis, _sheep_. torris, _brand_.
*buris, _plough-beam_. pelvis, _basin_. +*turris, _tower_.
clavis, _key_. puppis, _stern_. trudis, _pole_.
collis, _hill_. restis, _rope_. vectis, _lever_.
and many others.

Words marked with a star regularly have Acc. -im; those marked with a +
regularly have Abl. -i. Of the others, many at times show -im and -i. Town
and river names in -is regularly have -im, -i.

2. Not all nouns in -is are i-Stems. Some are genuine consonant-stems, and
have the regular consonant terminations throughout, notably, canis, _dog_;
juvenis, _youth_.[14]

3. Some genuine i-Stems have become dis