nes.

1. Nouns in -as.

a. Masculine: vas, _bondsman_.

b. Neuter: vas, _vessel_.

2. Nouns in -es.

a. Masculine: aries, _ram_; paries, _wall_; pes, _foot_.

3. Nouns in -is.

a. Masculine: all nouns in -nis and -guis; as, amnis, _river_; ignis,
_fire_; panis, _bread_; sanguis, _blood_; unguis, _nail_.

Also--

axis, _axle_. piscis, _fish_.
collis, _hill_. postis, _post_.
fascis, _bundle_. pulvis, _dust_.
lapis, _stone_. orbis, _circle_.
mensis, _month_. sentis, _brier_.

4. Nouns in -x.

a. Masculine: apex, _peak_; codex, _tree-trunk_; grex, _flock_; imbrex,
_tile_; pollex, _thumb_; vertex, _summit_; calix, _cup_.

5. Nouns in -s preceded by a consonant.

a. Masculine: dens, _tooth_; fons, _fountain_; mons, _mountain_; pons,
_bridge_.

6. Nouns in -do.

a. Masculine: cardo, _hinge_; ordo, _order_.

46. Exceptions to the Rule for Neuters.

1. Nouns in -l.

a. Masculine: sol, _sun_; sal, _salt_.

2. Nouns in -n.

a. Masculine: pecten, _comb_.

3. Nouns in -ur.

a. Masculine: vultur, _vulture_.

4. Nouns in -us.

a. Masculine: lepus, _hare_.

Greek Nouns of the Third Declension.

47. The following are the chief peculiarities of these:--

1. The ending -a in the Accusative Singular; as, aethera, _aether_;
Salamina, _Salamis_.

2. The ending -es in the Nominative Plural; as, Phryges, _Phrygians_.

3. The ending -as in the Accusative Plural; as, Phrygas, _Phrygians_.

4. Proper names in -as (Genitive -antis) have -a in the Vocative Singular;
as, Atlas (Atlantis), Vocative Atla, _Atlas_.

5. Neuters in -ma (Genitive -matis) have -is instead of -ibus in the Dative
and Ablative Plural; as, poematis, _poems_.

6. Orpheus, and other proper names ending in -eus, form the Vocative
Singular in -eu (Orpheu, etc.). But in prose the other cases usually follow
the second declension; as, Orphei, Orpheo, etc.

7. Proper names in -es, like Pericles, form the Genitive Singular sometimes
in -is, sometimes in -i, as, Periclis or Pericli.

8. Feminine proper names in -o have -us in the Genitive, but -o in the
other oblique cases; as,--

_Nom._ Dido _Acc._ Dido
_Gen._ Didus _Voc._ Dido
_Dat._ Dido _Abl._ Dido

9. The regular Latin endings often occur in Greek nouns.

* * * * *

FOURTH DECLENSION.

_u_-Stems.

48. Nouns of the Fourth D