produced, but
probably nothing more complicated than window glass, bottles and vials,
and plain drinking glasses. It is believed that the small glass factory
at Jamestown was the first English "factory" in America.

THE BRICKMAKER AND TILEMAKER

Four brick kilns have been excavated. In two of them roofing tile and
bricks were found. An iron spade, probably used in preparing the clay
for brickmaking, was found in one of the kilns. The oldest kiln
unearthed is believed to have been in use as early as 1625. Many
brickmakers emigrated to Jamestown during the 1600's.

THE LIMEBURNER

Four lime kilns were unearthed on the historic island, where oyster
shells from the James River were burned and converted into lime by the
limeburner. As early as 1610 "lymeburners" emigrated to Virginia, and
thereafter many such workers came to the colony from England.

[Illustration: FOUR BRICK KILNS HAVE BEEN EXCAVATED. THE ONE SHOWN HAD
FIVE FIRING CHAMBERS. ROOFING TILES WERE ALSO MADE IN THE JAMESTOWN
BRICK KILNS.]

[Illustration: A 17TH-CENTURY LIME KILN EXCAVATED AT JAMESTOWN. IN IT
OYSTER SHELLS FROM THE JAMES RIVER WERE BURNED FOR MAKING LIME. THE IRON
HOOPS WHICH SUPPORTED THE ARCHED TOP OF THE KILN BUCKLED FROM THE
INTENSE HEAT.]

[Illustration: MAKING LIME FROM OYSTER SHELLS IN A KILN, ABOUT 1625.
(Conjectural sketch by Sidney E. King.)]

OTHER CRAFTSMEN

Contemporary records, confirmed by certain objects found at Jamestown
(especially small tools), reveal that pewterers, silversmiths colliers,
wheelwrights, calkers, bricklayers, millwrights, shoemakers, masons,
cordage makers, tanners, tobacco pipemakers, armorers, gunmakers,
braziers, and others worked in the capital city at various periods
between 1607 and 1699.

[Illustration: A SILVERSMITH WEIGHING CLIPPED COINS. (Conjectural sketch
by Sidney E. King.)]

[Illustration: BRASS WEIGHTS AND A PIECE OF SCRAP BRASS UNEARTHED AT
JAMESTOWN. RECORDS INDICATE THAT MANY METALWORKERS EMIGRATED TO VIRGINIA
DURING THE 17TH CENTURY.]

Home Industries

During archeological explorations many artifacts relating to household
and town industries were recovered. It is believed that many of these
small industries were home activities carried on in the houses at
Jamestown. A few of these activities, and the products of them are
mentioned briefly.

SPINNING AND WEAVING

A few metal parts from spinning wheels and looms have been
excavated--reminders that the pioneer hou