e, non-Arian,
races. Their congeners in Western Asia were the early Babylonians and
the Susianians, not the Medes, the Persians, or the Phrygians. But by
the time of Herodotus the Arian character of the Armenians had become
established. Their close connection with the Phrygians was recognized.
They had changed their national appellation; for while in the Assyrian
period the terms Nairi and Urarda had preponderated, under the Persians
they had come to be called Armenians and their country Armenia. The
personal names of individuals in the country, both men and women, had
acquired a decidedly Arian cast. Everything seems to indicate that a
strange people had immigrated into the land, bringing with them a new
language, new manners and customs, and a new religious system. From what
quarter they had come, whether from Phrygia as Herodotus and Stephen
believed, or, as we should gather from their language and religion, from
Media, is perhaps doubtful; but it seems certain that from one quarter
or another Armenia had been Arianized; the old Turanian character had
passed away from it; immigrants had nocked in, and a new people had
been formed--the real Armenian of later times, and indeed of the present
day--by the admixture of ruling Arian tribes with a primitive Turanian
population, the descendants of the old inhabitants.

The new race, thus formed, though perhaps not less brave and warlike
than the old, was less bent on maintaining its independence. Moses of
Chorene, the Armenian historian, admits that from the time of the Median
preponderance in Western Asia the Armenians held under them a subject
position. That such was their position under the Persians is abundantly
evident;25 and, so far as appears, there was only one occasion during
the entire Achaemenian period (B.C. 559 to B.C. 331) when they exhibited
any impatience of the Persian yoke, or made any attempt to free
themselves from it. In the early portion of the reign of Darius
Hystaspis they took part in a revolt raised by a Mede called Phraortes,
and were not reduced to obedience without some difficulty. But from
henceforth their fidelity to the Achaemenian Kings was unbroken; they
paid their tribute (apparently) without reluctance, and furnished
contingents of troops to the Persian armies when called upon. After
Arbela they submitted without a struggle to Alexander; and when in the
division of his dominions, which followed upon the battle of Ipsus, they
fell naturally