the "South Man") are inveterate enemies, and always on the war-path
against each other. In winter _Wa-zi-ya_ advances southward and drives
_I-to-ka-ga Wi-cas-ta_ before him to the Summer-Islands. But in spring
the god of the South having renewed his youth and strength in the "Happy
Hunting Grounds," is able to drive _Wa-zi-ya_ back again to his icy
wigwam in the North. Some Dakotas say that the numerous granite
boulders scattered over the prairies of Minnesota and Dakota, were
hurled in battle by _Wa-zi-ya_ from his home in the North at _I-to-ka-ga
Wi-cas-ta_. The _Wa-zi-ya_ of the Dakotas is substantially the same as
"_Ka be-bon-ik-ka_"--the "Winter-maker" of the Ojibways.

[4] Mendota--(meeting of the waters) at the confluence of the Mississippi
and Minnesota rivers. The true Dakota word is _Mdo-te_--applied to the
mouth of a river flowing into another, also to the outlet of a lake.

[5] Pronounced _Wee-wah-stay_; literally--a beautiful virgin or woman.

[6] _Cetan-wa-ka-wa-mani_--"He who shoots pigeon-hawks walking"--was the
full Dakota name of the grandfather of the celebrated "Little Crow"
(_Ta-o-ya-te-du-ta_--His Red People) who led his warriors in the
terrible outbreak in Minnesota in 1862-3. The Chippeways called the
grandfather _Ka-ka-ge_--crow or raven--from his war-badge, a crow-skin;
and hence the French traders and _courriers du bois_ called him "_Petit
Corbeau_"--Little Crow. This sobriquet, of which he was proud, descended
to his son, _Wakinyan Tanka_--Big Thunder, who succeeded him as chief;
and from Big Thunder to his son _Ta-o-ya-te-du-ta_, who became chief on
the death of _Wakinyan Tanka_. These several "Little Crows" were
successively Chiefs of the Light-foot, or _Kapoza_ band of Dakotas.
_Kapoza_, the principal village of this band, was originally located on
the east bank of the Mississippi near the site of the city of St. Paul.
_Col. Minn. Hist. Soc._, 1864, p. 29. It was in later years moved to the
west bank. The grandfather whom I, for short, call _Wakawa_, died the
death of a brave in battle against the Ojibways (commonly called
Chippeways)--the hereditary enemies of the Dakotas. _Wakinyan
Tanka_--Big Thunder, was killed by the accidental discharge of his own
gun. They were both buried with their kindred near the "_Wakan Teepee_,"
the sacred Cave--(Carver's Cave). _Ta-o-ya-te-du-ta_, the last of the
Little Crows, was killed July 3, 1863, during the outbreak, near
Hutchinson, Minnesota, by the L