is lower
than the body, loosen the clothing, especially the clothing about the
neck, apply cold water to the face and chest, and see that fresh air is
plentiful. When the patient is sufficiently conscious to swallow, give a
teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia in half a glass of water and
keep him quiet until he has entirely recovered.

A person who is unconscious from any cause always requires immediate
attention. In emergency work elevate the patient's head if his face is
flushed, and keep it low if his face is pale. Do not try to arouse an
unconscious patient by shaking him and calling to him, in the first
place because it is useless to do so, and in the second, because
consciousness will return spontaneously if his condition improves.

CONVULSIONS.--In every case of convulsions a doctor is needed at the
earliest possible moment. Convulsions in adults are very serious; in
babies and small children although serious they are less alarming, since
they may follow comparatively slight disturbances, particularly
disturbances of digestion.

Treatment for babies and children with convulsions consists first in
keeping the child as quiet as possible, and next in measures to draw
blood from the brain toward the surface of the body. The child should
first be undressed, moving him as little as possible, and put to bed
between warm blankets. Cold should be applied to his head by a compress
or ice bag, and hot water bag should be placed near his feet. An enema
should then be given. A warm tub bath is sometimes used to apply heat,
if the convulsion has not subsided by the time the child is undressed.
If the bath is given the temperature of the water should not be above
106 deg., and should be tested by a thermometer. If no thermometer is
available, the water should be tested with the elbow rather than the
hand, and cold water should be added if it feels uncomfortably warm.
There is great danger of scalding a child during the excitement
inevitably caused by a convulsion.

Although haste is needed when a child has convulsions, yet quiet is
essential, since the slightest movement tends to increase the
convulsions or to start them again. As soon as the convulsions are over
the child should be removed from the bath and put to bed between warm
blankets. Even after the symptoms have completely subsided, the greatest
care should be taken to keep the child quiet. He should be handled and
disturbed as little as possible. The bath s