.--1723.--1732.--1735.--1744.--1747.--
1755.--Flood of 1755.--1759.--1763.--1766.--1780.--1781.--1787.--
1792.--1797.--1798.--1799.--1800.--1802.--1805.--1808.--1809.--1811.--
1819.--1831.--1832.--1838.--1842.--1843.--1852.--1865.--1874.--
General character of the Eruptions.

CHAPTER VI.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY OF THE MOUNTAIN. 114

Elie de Beaumont's classification of the rocks of Etna.--Hoffman's
geological map.--Lyell's researches.--The period of earliest
eruption.--The Val del Bove.--Two craters of eruption.--Antiquity of
Etna.--The lavas of Etna.--Labradorite.--Augite.--Olivine.--
Analcime.--Titaniferous iron.--Mr. Rutley's examination of Etna
lavas under the microscope.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

View of Etna from Catania _To face Title._
Topographical Map of Etna _To face page_ 1
Sections of Etna " 30
Grotto delle Palombe " 36
The Casa Inglesi and Cone of Etna " 52
View of the Val de Bove " 58
View of Etna from Bronte " 66
Island of Columnar Basalt off Trezza " 74
Geological Map of Etna " 114
Map of the Val del Bove (woodcut) 117
Ideal Section of Mount Etna 119
Profile of Etna 121
Sections of Etna Lavas seen under the Microscope, _to face p._ 138

[Illustration: Topographical Map of Etna]

ETNA.

A HISTORY OF THE MOUNTAIN AND OF ITS ERUPTIONS.

CHAPTER I.

HISTORY OF THE MOUNTAIN.

Position.--Name.--Mention of Etna by early writers.--Pindar.--
AEschylus.--Thucydides.--Virgil.--Strabo.--Lucretius.--Lucilius
Junior.--Etna the home of early myths.--Cardinal Bembo.--Fazzello.--
Filoteo.--Early Maps of the Mountain.--Hamilton.--Houel.--Brydone.--
Ferrara.--Recupero.--Captain Smyth.--Gemellaro; his Map of Etna.--
Elie de Beaumont.--Abich.--Hoffmann.--Von Waltershausen's _Atlas
des Aetna_.--Lyell.--Map of the Italian Stato Maggiore.--Carlo
Gemellaro.--Orazio Silvestri.

The principal mountain chain of Sicily skirts the No