el to support the spars and gear
by which the sails are set. In modern practice,
steel masts are built by riveting rolled plates
together.

=Midships.= Middle part of a ship.

=Mizzen-mast.= Third mast on a vessel with three
or more masts.

=Mizzen-sails.= Sails carried on a mizzen-mast.

=Mushroom Ventilator.= Short cast-iron tube with
movable iron rod passing through the center. A
metal cup is fitted to the top of the rod, which
may be lifted to permit air to enter, or closed to
prevent water from entering. Generally fitted over
cabins.

=Navigation Bridge.= Bridge used for taking
observations or handling the ship in difficult
situations.

=Outboard.= Outside the hull or beyond the
gunwale.

=Outlet cock.= Any cock used to free a receptacle
of water.

=Paddle-wheels.= Wheels fitted on each side of a
paddle steamer in connection with the
paddle-shaft, consisting of a cast-iron boss from
which wrought-iron arms radiate, strengthened by
rims and stays, and with a float attached to each
arm.

=Pawl.= Small catch to prevent moving object from
going beyond certain limit.

=Pile.= A piece of lumber or iron, together with
others, driven into the bed of a river for the
support of a pier, bridge, etc.

=Pilot Bridge.= Narrow thwartships platform,
extending from side to side above a steamer's
upper or bridge deck. Serves as a station for the
pilot or officer of the watch.

=Port.= Opening in ship's side, in bulwark, etc.

=Propeller-screw.= Propeller in which blades are
at an angle to the line of axis, similar to the
threads of a screw.

=Quarters.= Men's positions when called to their
duties, as during fire or boat drill; also living
accommodations.

=Quay.= Artificial landing-place.

=Raft.= A collection of boards fastened together
by ropes or chains, and capable of floating.

=Ram.= Massive projection under water at the bow
of a warship. The ship is also called a ram.

=Rat-line.= Three-stranded cord, of which the
ladder-like steps in lower rigging, t