| w-ell, w-eb |
| y | y-es, y-et |
| z | z-one, z-est |
| zh, z | a-z'-ure, sei-z'-ure |
+----------+-------------------------------+

_III. Aspirates._

+--------------+-------------------------+
| f | f-i-fe, o-ff |
| h | h-at, h-ome |
| k | k-ite, k-ill |
| p | p-i-pe, to-p |
| s | s-un, s-ame |
| t | t-en-t, t-ar-t |
| ch | ch-ur-ch, ch-ild |
| sh | sh-all, wi-sh |
| th | th-in, th-ree |
| wh | wh-ere, wh-y |
+--------------+-------------------------+

NOTE.--The foregoing forty-four sounds are those most employed in the
English language. Some of these sounds are represented by other
letters, as shown in the following:

#IV.--Table of Equivalents.#

[Dictionary Work--Metcalf & DeGarmo.]

CHAR. EQUIV.
[=e] = [=i]
[~e] = [~i] = u
[=a] = [e=]
a = e
o = [a:] (_broad a_)
[o:] = [=oo] = [u:]
[)i] = [)y]
[)u] = [.o]

[)o] = [a.]
[o.] = [)oo] = [u.]
[=i] = [=y]
oi = oy
ou = ow
[=u] = ew

CHAR. EQUIV.
j = [.g] (soft)
g = [=g] (hard)
z = [[s.]=]
k = [-c] = [-c]h
f = ph
s = c (_cedilla c_)
sh = ch
[n=] = ng
x = ks
[x=] = gz

COGNATE sounds are such as are produced by the same organs of speech
in a similar position. The cognates are in pairs, as follows:
_Vowels_: [=a] [)e], [=e] [)i], a [)a], ae [.a], [a:] [)o], u [)u],
[=o][=o] [)oo]; _consonants_: g' k, b p, d t, j ch, th th, v f, z s.

#[Second Month.]#

LETTERS.

A LETTER is a mark or character used to represent a sound,--usually an
elementary sound.

An ALPHABET is an orderly arrangement of all the letters of a
language.

The NUMBER OF LETTERS in the different alphabets vary, as follows:
English 26, Arabic 28, French 25, German 26, Greek 24, Hebrew 22,
Italian 21, Russian 33, Spanish 27, Sanskrit 49. The Chinese have no
alphabet, but about 20,000 syllabic characters.

The POWER OF A LETTER is the elementary sound for which it stands.

LETTERS AS TO FORM are either script or print.

There are many different STYLES OF LETTERS; as, Roman, Italic, Old
Englis