1848. Revolution in France. Prince Louis Napoleon becomes President
of the Republic.
Chartist Agitation in London.

1849. Annexation of the Punjab.

1850. Death of Sir Robert Peel.

1851. THE GREAT EXHIBITION.

1852. Death of the Duke of Wellington.
Louis Napoleon elected Emperor of France.

1853. Turkey declares war against Russia.

1854. Great Britain and France declare war against Russia.
THE CRIMEAN WAR.
Invasion of the Crimea. The Battle of the Alma (Sept. 20).
Siege of Sebastopol. Battle of Balaclava and Charge of the
Light Brigade (Oct. 25).
Battle of Inkerman (Nov. 5).

1855. Lord Palmerston appointed Premier.
Death of the Emperor Nicholas of Russia.
Fall of Sebastopol (Sept.).

1856. Peace concluded with Russia by the Treaty of Paris.

1857. THE INDIAN MUTINY.
The massacre at Cawnpore (July). Capture of Delhi (Sept.).
Sir Colin Campbell relieves Lucknow (Nov.).

1858. Suppression of the Mutiny.
Abolition of the East India Company. The possessions and
powers of the Company transferred to the Crown. The
Queen's Proclamation to India issued by Lord Canning,
first Viceroy.

1859. Establishment of the Volunteer Army.
Fenianism in Ireland. Trial of O'Donovan Rossa.

1860. Second Chinese War and occupation of Pekin.

1861. THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR.
Repeal of the duty on paper.

1862. The second Great Exhibition.

1865. Death of Lord Palmerston. Lord Russell appointed Premier.

1866. THE ATLANTIC CABLE LAID. Lord Derby appointed Premier.
The war between Austria and Prussia.

1867. THE SECOND REFORM BILL passed. It largely extended the suffrage
in English boroughs.

1868. Disraeli appointed Premier.

1869. Suez Canal opened.

1870. THE ELEMENTARY EDUCATION ACT passed, which compelled the
attendance of children at efficient schools.
The Franco-German War.
Halfpenny postcards first came into use.

1871. Establishment of the German Empire.
TREATY OF WASHINGTON, which settled by arbitration the Alabama
claims.

1872. The Ballot Act passed to secure secret voting at elections.

1874. Disraeli appointed Premier for the second time.

1875. Purchase of shares in the Suez Canal.

1876. Disraeli becomes Earl of Beaconsfield.
THE QUEEN PROCLAIMED EMPRESS OF INDIA.

1878. Congress of Berlin to settle the