ish tinge. Odorless and tasteless. Wood rather heavy
and hard, tough, often difficult to split. The peculiar arrangement
of the pores in the late wood readily distinguishes elm from all
other woods except _hackberry_, from which it may be told by the
fact that in elm the medullary rays are indistinct, while they are
quite distinct in hackberry; moreover, the color of hackberry is
yellow or grayish yellow instead of brown or reddish brown as in
elm.

The wood is used principally for slack cooperage; also for hubs,
baskets, agricultural implements, and fuel.

[Illustration: FIG. 151.--(Magnified about 8 times.)]

B. Diffuse-porous.

1. Pores varying in size from rather large to minute, the largest being
in the early wood. Intermediate between ring-porous and diffuse-porous.

Black Walnut. Color rich dark or chocolate brown. Odor mild but
characteristic. Tasteless or nearly so. Wood parenchyma in numerous,
fine tangential lines. Wood heavy and hard, moderately stiff and
strong. The wood is used principally for furniture, cabinets,
interior finish, moulding, and gun stocks.

2. Pores all minute or indistinct, evenly distributed throughout annual
ring.

(a) With conspicuously broad rays.

1. Sycamore. Fig. 151. Rays practically all broad. Color light brown,
often with dark stripes or "feather grain." Wood of medium weight
and strength, usually cross-grained, difficult to split.

The wood is used for general construction, woodenware, novelties,
interior finish, and boxes.

2. Beech. With only a part of the rays broad, the others very fine, Fig.
151. Color pale reddish brown to white; uniform. Wood heavy, hard,
strong, usually straight-grained.

The wood is used for cheap furniture, turnery, cooperage,
woodenware, novelties, cross-ties, and fuel. Much of it is
distilled.

(b) Without conspicuously broad rays.

1. Cherry. Rays rather fine but very distinct. Color of wood reddish
brown. Wood rather heavy, hard, and strong.

The wood is used for furniture, cabinet work, moulding, interior
finish, and miscellaneous articles.

2. Maple, Fig. 152. With part of the rays rather broad and conspicuous,
the others very fine. Color light brown tinged with red. The wood of
the hard maple is very heavy, hard and strong; that of the soft
maples is rather light, fairly strong. Maple most closely resembles
b