ds of some wild fruit, such as the climbing bitter-sweet, are
so soft that it seems impossible they should pass through the gizzard
of a bird and not be destroyed.

The fruit of the sumac comes the nearest to being a cheat of anything
I know of in nature--a collection of seeds covered with a flannel coat
with just a perceptible acid taste, and all highly colored. Unless the
seed itself is digested, what is there to tempt the bird to devour it,
or to reward it for so doing?

In the tropics one sees fruits that do not become bright colored on
ripening, such as the breadfruit, the custard apple, the naseberry,
the mango. And tropical foliage never colors up as does the foliage of
northern trees.

VI. INSTINCT

Many false notions seem to be current in the popular mind about
instinct. Apparently, some of our writers on natural history themes
would like to discard the word entirely. Now instinct is not opposed
to intelligence; it is intelligence of the unlearned, unconscious
kind,--the intelligence innate in nature. We use the word to
distinguish a gift or faculty which animals possess, and which is
independent of instruction and experience, from the mental equipment
of man which depends mainly upon instruction and experience. A man has
to be taught to do that which the lower animals do from nature. Hence
the animals do not progress in knowledge, while man's progress is
almost limitless. A man is an animal born again into a higher
spiritual plane. He has lost or shed many of his animal instincts in
the process, but he has gained the capacity for great and wonderful
improvement.

Instinct is opposed to reason, to reflection, to thought,--to that
kind of intelligence which knows and takes cognizance of itself.
Instinct is that lower form of intelligence which acts through the
senses,--sense perception, sense association, sense memory,--which we
share with the animals, though their eyes and ears and noses are often
quicker and keener than ours. Hence the animals know only the present,
visible, objective world, while man through his gift of reason and
thought knows the inward world of ideas and ideal relations.

An animal for the most part knows all that it is necessary for it to
know as soon as it reaches maturity; what it learns beyond that, what
it learns at the hands of the animal-trainer, for instance, it learns
slowly, through a long repetition of the process of trial and
failure. Man