ty, which was in 1854 turned into the Orange Free State. As
Waterboer had before the award offered his territory to the British
government, the country was forthwith erected into a Crown Colony under
the name of Griqualand West. This was in 1871. The Free State, whose
case had not been stated, much less argued, before the umpire,
protested, and was after a time able to appeal to a judgment delivered
by a British court, which found that Waterboer had never enjoyed any
right to the territory. However, the new Colony had by this time been
set up and the British flag displayed. The British government, without
either admitting or denying the Free State title, declared that a
district in which it was difficult to keep order amid a turbulent and
shifting population ought to be under the control of a strong power, and
offered the Free State a sum of ninety thousand pounds in settlement of
whatever claim it might possess. The acceptance by the Free State in
1876 of this sum closed the controversy, though a sense of injustice
continued to rankle in the breasts of some of the citizens of the
Republic. Amicable relations have subsisted ever since between it and
Cape Colony, and the control of the British government over the Basutos
has secured for it peace in the quarter which was formerly most
disturbed.

These two cases show how various are the causes and how mixed the
motives which press a great power forward even against the wishes of its
statesmen. The Basutos were declared British subjects partly out of a
sympathetic wish to rescue and protect them, partly because policy
required the acquisition of a country naturally strong and holding an
important strategical position. Griqualand West, taken in the belief
that Waterboer had a good title to it, was retained after this belief
had been dispelled, partly perhaps because a population had crowded into
it which consisted mainly of British subjects, and was not easily
controllable by a small state, but mainly because colonial feeling
refused to part with a region of such exceptional mineral wealth. And
the retention of Griqualand West caused, before long, the acquisition of
Bechuanaland, which in its turn naturally led to that northward
extension of British influence which has carried the Union Jack to the
shores of Lake Tanganyika. The wish to restrict responsibility, which
had been so strong twenty years before, had now died out of the British
public at home, and had grown feeble