k. Plan and elevation show rim pattern of a pulley as used
in the pattern-making trade.

[Illustration: Fig. 27.--Cramping Glued Joints: Handscrews and Batten
shown at left; temporary Batten at right to keep the wood flat.]

Fig. 24.--The glueing of a ploughslip to a drawer side is seen here, the
ploughslip being used to carry the drawer bottom.

Fig. 26 shows the method of jointing with shooting board and trying
plane; the right hand operates the plane whilst the left hand holds the
wood firm upon the shooting board.

Owing to the importation of narrow and faulty timber the necessity of
jointing is greater to-day than ever it was, wide timber of course
meaning higher cost for raw material.

The method of using iron dogs is illustrated in Fig. 25, and it will be
observed that owing to the wedge-like formation of each fang (see
enlarged sketch) the dog exerts the necessary pressure to close the
joint. At the centre of this illustration is suggested the home-made
hardwood blocks, baseboard and wedges referred to on page 4.

Fig. 27 shows how the iron sash cramps are used to apply pressure to the
joint. As this method is in some cases apt to bend and distort thin
boards it is wise practice to fix (as a temporary measure) a stout piece
of straight wood on to the board to be joined by using two handscrews as
shown at the left hand of the illustration. At the right hand of the
sketch a wooden cramping arrangement of the box type is given, and by
wedging up the boards are closed together. It is obvious that if this
type of box cramp be used it will prevent the boards buckling and the
handscrew method at the left may be dispensed with.

THE HALVED JOINT

The halved joint is frequently known as half-lapping, and sometimes as
checking and half-checking. In the majority of cases it is made by
halving the two pieces, _i.e._, by cutting half the depth of the wood
away. There are, however, exceptions to this rule, as in the case of
"three-piece halving" (or, as it is sometimes called, "third lapping")
and in the halving of timber with rebated or moulded edges. Halving is
one of the simplest methods of connecting two pieces of timber,
especially where it is desired to make frames and bracket supports for
either inside or outside use.

[Illustration: Fig. 28.--Frame, with various halved joints. These joints,
numbered 1, 2, 3, etc., are shown in detail in Figs. 29 to 38.]

Fig. 28 shows the elevation of an imaginary f