ke skimmed milk, raw scraped beef, junket, and
coddled white of egg or raw egg, bread crumbs, toasted, or zwieback.

A rectal enema must be given every twenty-four hours if the bowels have
not moved. If constipation is the habit a laxative should be given; the
aromatic fluid extract of cascara sagrada or magnesia are suitable. At
least one free movement every day is essential to success.

Colon irrigations are only to be used when there is a rise of
temperature, irrespective of whether the bowels have moved or not.

When convalescence is established these children should be given a
maximum of fresh air and should be treated as recommended in cases of
malnutrition.

SUMMER DIARRHEA

As the name implies, this is the form of diarrhea that is so common,
especially in cities, in summer. It is always preceded by some milder
condition which paves the way for the more serious diarrhea. Acute
indigestion is, as a general rule, the forerunner of cholera infantum.
The influence of hot weather must always be kept in mind as the
underlying factor which no doubt conduces to gastro-intestinal disease
of infancy and childhood. The depression incident to a spell of hot and
possibly humid weather tends to interfere with the digestive process of
babies and children. When this function is carried on imperfectly, the
strength and vitality of the child fails, and if immediate steps are not
taken to check the process, diarrhea makes its appearance. If these
children are improperly fed, or if their surroundings are not sanitary;
if they are not getting fresh air enough, or if they suffer because of
lack of attention, and have at the same time a little indigestion, it is
only a step further to develop a full-fledged cholera infantum.

The outcome of any case of summer diarrhea is questionable. It is not
safe to make any promise. An apparently mild attack may prove quickly
fatal. Much depends upon the previous history of the child. If it has
been a strong, healthy child it has a very good chance if treated
energetically and correctly. If it has previously suffered from bad
nutrition, is not robust, has had trouble with its stomach, etc., the
chances are against it.

The one lesson to be learned by all mothers is, as stated above, to act
quickly; to be on the watch all through the summer months for any
trouble with the baby's stomach or bowels. It is much easier to treat
and cure a little trouble than to battle against an established
ga