s, and smooth, and should exhaust every particle of air expired.

Another impure quality is the =Pectoral=, which is an aspiration
produced, as it were, from the lowest cavities of the chest; and still
another is the =Falsetto=, an unnatural voice, that seems to be produced
entirely in the upper cavities of the head. The employment of the
Falsetto at any time, either in speaking or reading, is of doubtful
taste.

EXERCISE.--1. With the syllable _haeh_ exemplify severally the
aspirate, guttural, and pectoral qualities, first with
insufficient vocality, then with sufficient. Exemplify the
sibilant impurity with such syllables as _pish_, _false_,
_traitress_, _miscreant_. In those exercises employ intervals of
varying lengths, different degrees of initial pitch, and the
several varieties of stress; and let the utterances be made
effusively, expulsively, and explosively. 2. Select appropriate
passages in "The Raven" (p. 258) for exercise in natural,
orotund, aspirate, guttural, and pectoral qualities. Read the
passages severally with appropriate intonations,--it may be
somewhat exaggeratingly. Then read the whole poem feelingly,
with appropriate, but not exaggerated intonations.

So far, what has been said has had reference mainly to the cultivation
and improvement of the voice, by the analogies and description of the
various effective modes in which it can be manifested, and by the
suggestion of suitable exercises for increasing its endurance, strength,
flexibility, and resonance. It remains now to discuss shortly some of
the principles of _vocal interpretation_,--that is, to discuss what
modes of voice-action are appropriate to the representation of the
various emotions which the wide range of literature presents to the
reader.

It must be said in respect of principles that only broad and easily
verifiable ones are of use, and even these may be abused by a too
rigorous adherence to them. The best rule that can be given, as indeed
it is founded on a principle of widest application, is that laid down in
the _Fourth Reader_:--_To give a faithful sympathetic attention to the
full meaning and sentiment of what is read, and to manage the voice so
as effectively to express this meaning and sentiment;_ since this will
always ensure a certain measure of appropriateness, if not the full
perfection of it. And it cannot be too much emphasized that even the
fullest knowledge and