oid and of no effect.[187] But an entry is made on the roll of the next
parliament, that, "whereas some disputes have arisen about the grant of
the last subsidy, it is declared by the duke of Bedford and other lords
in parliament, with advice of the judges and others learned in the law,
that the said subsidy was at all events to be collected and levied for
the king's use; notwithstanding any conditions in the grant of the said
subsidy contained."[188] The commons, however, in making the grant of a
fresh subsidy in this parliament, renewed their former conditions, with
the addition of another, that "it ne no part thereof be beset ne
dispensed to no other use, but only in and for the defense of the said
roialme."[189]

[Sidenote: Appropriation of supplies.]

2. The right of granting supplies would have been very incomplete, had
it not been accompanied with that of directing their application. The
principle of appropriating public moneys began, as we have seen, in the
minority of Richard; and was among the best fruits of that period. It
was steadily maintained under the new dynasty. The parliament of 6 H.
IV. granted two fifteenths and two tenths, with a tax on skins and wool,
on condition that it should be expended in the defence of the kingdom,
and not otherwise, as Thomas lord Furnival and Sir John Pelham, ordained
treasurers of war for this parliament, to receive the said subsidies,
shall account and answer to the commons at the next parliament. These
treasurers were sworn in parliament to execute their trusts.[190] A
similar precaution was adopted in the next session.[191]

[Sidenote: Attempt to make supply depend on redress of grievances.]

3. The commons made a bold attempt in the second year of Henry IV. to
give the strongest security to their claims of redress, by inverting the
usual course of parliamentary proceedings. It was usual to answer their
petitions on the last day of the session, which put an end to all
further discussion upon them, and prevented their making the redress of
grievances a necessary condition of supply. They now requested that an
answer might be given before they made their grant of subsidy. This was
one of the articles which Richard II.'s judges had declared it high
treason to attempt. Henry was not inclined to make a concession which
would virtually have removed the chief impediment to the ascendency of
parliament. He first said that he would consult with the lords, and
answer accordin