lf,
is, "to take the oversight of children before they are ready for school
life; to exert an influence over their whole being in correspondence
with its nature; to strengthen their bodily powers; to exercise their
senses; to employ the awakening mind; to make them thoughtfully
acquainted with the world of nature and of man; to guide their heart and
soul in the right direction, and to lead them to the Origin of all life,
and to unison with Him."

FOOTNOTES:

[149] Bowen, "Froebel," p. 11.

[150] For a part of this debt Froebel's brother, also a student, was
responsible. The amount of the debt was less than twenty-five dollars.

[151] The sole recommendation of the commission that might be
interpreted as a criticism was that the boys should have their hair cut!
See Bowen's "Froebel," p. 26, for the full report of the visiting
commission.

[152] Rescript from the Prussian Minister of Education, April 7, 1884.

[153] "The Student's Froebel," XV.

[154] "Handbuch der Froebelischen Erziehungslehre," "Reminiscences of
Friedrich Froebel, Child and Child-nature."

CHAPTER XL

MODERN EDUCATORS (_Continued_)

HERBART (1776-1841)

=Literature.=--_De Garmo_, Herbart and the Herbartians; _Felkin_,
Introduction to Herbart; _Van Liew_, Life of Herbart and Development of
his Pedagogical Doctrines; Yearbooks of the Herbart Society; _Lange_,
Apperception; _Rein_, Outlines of Pedagogics; also, Encyklopaedisches
Handbuch der Paedagogik; _Willmann_, Herbart's paedagogische Schriften.

It is probable that no system of pedagogy is attracting so much
attention and awakening so much interest at the present time as that of
Herbart. Professor Rein says, "He who nowadays will aspire to the
highest pedagogical knowledge, cannot neglect to make a thorough study
of Herbart's pedagogy." Johann Friedrich Herbart was born at Oldenburg,
May 4, 1776. His grandfather was rector of the _Gymnasium_ at Oldenburg
for thirty-four years; his father was a high official under the
government; but his mother seems to have wielded the most influence over
him. She watched over his studies with greatest care, and, indeed,
studied Greek herself to spur him on. Though gentle and mild, she was
firm in discipline. The father was satisfied to leave the direction of
the education of his son to her. There was, however, little sympathy
between the father and mother, and there were frequent family
dissensions, that must have had a bad influence on the la