is called the "St. Paul of the fifth century,"
and he certainly was the greatest man, since Paul, that the Church has
produced. In his writings is found the most luminous exposition of the
Catholic doctrine, and probably Augustine is the most noted of all
Catholic Fathers. In the domain of theology and morals he based all
teaching on authority rather than on investigation, yet the excessive
application of this principle to subjects of physical science was
destined later on to hinder investigators in the fields of scientific
research. Draper says, "Augustine antagonized science and Christianity
for more than fifteen centuries." This was doubtless due to the
application of the principle of authority in fields that Augustine did
not contemplate. But we shall have occasion to recur to this subject in
later pages.

=Augustine's Pedagogy.=--1. All teaching is based on faith and
authority.

2. All pagan literature must be excluded from the schools.

3. The chief subject in the school course is history pursued in the
narrative form.

4. Make abundant use of observation in instruction.

5. The teacher must be earnest and enthusiastic.

While the Roman Empire became officially Christian in the fourth century
under Constantine, it was not until Justinian decreed the abolition of
pagan schools and temples, A.D. 529, that paganism, as we have
seen, was finally destroyed. Thus the long conflict was ended, and
henceforth we have to do only with Christian education. We now enter
upon the thousand years of the world's history known as the Middle Ages,
the close of which brings us to the Reformation.

FOOTNOTES:

[30] See Draper, "Conflict between Religion and Science," p. 59.

CHAPTER XVIII

MONASTIC EDUCATION

=Literature.=--_Lord_, Beacon Lights; _Lecky_, History of European
Morals; _Myers_, Mediaeval and Modern History; _White_, Eighteen
Christian Centuries; _Harper_, Book of Facts; _Mrs. Jameson_, Legends of
Monastic Orders; _Gasquet_, Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries;
_Chateaubriand_, The Genius of Christianity; _Allies_, The Monastic
Life; _Taunton_, The English Black Monks of St. Benedict.

=Monasteries.=--Monasteries were established as early as the third
century A.D.; but it was not until the sixth century that they
became powerful. The spirit of asceticism, urged by the Church as one of
the most important virtues, took a strong hold upon the people, and led
many to withdraw from the world. For su