dicating for you,
definitely, the growth of conscience, in work which is distinctively
conscientious, and the perfecting of expression and means of popular
address, in that which is distinctively didactic.

41. Means of popular address, observe, which have become singularly
important to us at this day. Nevertheless, remember that the power of
printing, or reprinting, black _pictures_,--practically contemporary
with that of reprinting black _letters_,--modified the art of the
draughtsman only as it modified that of the scribe. Beautiful and unique
writing, as beautiful and unique painting or engraving, remain exactly
what they were; but other useful and reproductive methods of both have
been superadded. Of these, it is acutely said by Dr. Alfred
Woltmann,[E]--

"A far more important part is played in the art-life of Germany
by the technical arts for the _multiplying_ of works; for
Germany, while it was the land of book-printing, is also the
land of picture-printing. Indeed, wood-engraving, which
preceded the invention of book-printing, _prepared the way for
it, and only left one step more necessary for it_.
_Book-printing_ and _picture-printing_ have both the same inner
cause for their origin, namely, the impulse to make each mental
gain a common blessing. Not merely princes and rich nobles were
to have the privilege of adorning their private chapels and
apartments with beautiful religious pictures; the poorest man
was also to have his delight in that which the artist had
devised and produced. It was not sufficient for him when it
stood in the church as an altar-shrine, visible to him and to
the congregation from afar; he desired to have it as his own,
to carry it about with him, to bring it into his own home. The
grand importance of wood-engraving and copperplate is not
sufficiently estimated in historical investigations. They were
not alone of use in the advance of art; they form an epoch in
the entire life of mind and culture. The idea embodied and
multiplied in pictures became like that embodied in the printed
word, the herald of every intellectual movement, and conquered
the world."

42. "Conquered the world"? The rest of the sentence is true, but this,
hyperbolic, and greatly false. It should have been said that both
painting and engraving have conquered much of the good in the world,
and, hithert