d
each year, and the larval period lasts from three to five weeks in the
nuts and some ten months in the ground, from two to eight inches below
the surface.

The control of these weevils is difficult, and ordinary methods such as
spraying are not effective. In fact little can be done other than
destroying the weeviled nuts, which may be fed to hogs. When first
gathered the nuts may be fumigated with carbon disulphide. About two
fluid ounces of the liquid should be used for each bushel of nuts and
placed in a shallow dish on top of the nuts, which should be enclosed in
a tight box or barrel. The period of fumigation should be from 12 to 24
hours. Where nuts are not to be used for seed they may be thrown into
boiling water for about five minutes--just long enough to kill the
weevils. The nuts are then dried and sold. Most of the weeviled nuts
will rise to the surface and may be discarded, but this test is not
absolute and cannot be depended on to distinguish the sound from the
weeviled nuts.

HICKORY BARK BEETLE OR BARK BORER.

_Scolytus quadrispinosus_ Say.

Outbreaks of the hickory bark borer occur periodically throughout the
northeastern United States, and during the past five years many hickory
trees in this vicinity have died.

The adult is a small black beetle appearing in May and June, which eats
holes in the axils of the leaf stems causing them to fall early--usually
in July and August. Brood galleries are then made longitudinally just
under the bark of the trunk by the female, and a row of eggs is placed
along either side of this brood chamber. On hatching the grubs, which
are at first very small, tunnel at right angles to the central chamber,
each making its own separate gallery. These galleries never meet or
cross each other, but must necessarily diverge toward their extremities
as they become larger. The effect of this is to girdle the tree which
soon dies. The larvae pass the winter under the bark, finish their
development in the spring, pupate, and the adults emerge in May and June
from small round holes about the size of bird shot.

For control measures, Dr. Hopkins advises examining the trees during the
fall and marking all dead and dying trees within an area of several
square miles. Then between October 1 and May 1, cut all such trees and
dispose of the infested portion to destroy the insects before the adults
emerge.

Many forms of treatment have been devised and recommended by tree
doctors f