-Egyptian, Indian, Greek, and Germanic parallels--Elder Gods
as Evil Gods--Animal Demons--The Babylonian
"Will-o'-the-Wisp"--"Foreign Devils"--Elves and Fairies--Demon
Lovers--"Adam's first wife, Lilith"--Children Charmed against Evil
Spirits--The Demon of Nightmare--Ghosts as Enemies of the
Living--The Vengeful Dead Mother in Babylonia, India, Europe, and
Mexico--Burial Contrast--Calling Back the Dead--Fate of Childless
Ghosts--Religious Need for Offspring--Hags and Giants and Composite
Monsters--Tempest Fiends--Legend of Adapa and the Storm Demon--Wind
Hags of Ancient Britain--Tyrolese Storm Maidens--Zu Bird Legend and
Indian Garuda Myth--Legend of the Eagle and the Serpent--The Snake
Mother Goddess--Demons and the Moon God--Plague
Deities--Classification of Spirits, and Egyptian, Arabian, and
Scottish parallels--Traces of Progress from Animism to Monotheism.

The memorable sermon preached by Paul to the Athenians when he stood
"in the midst of Mars' hill", could have been addressed with equal
appropriateness to the ancient Sumerians and Akkadians. "I perceive",
he declared, "that in all things ye are too superstitious.... God that
made the world and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of
heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands; neither is
worshipped with men's hands as though he needed any thing, seeing he
giveth to all life, and breath, and all things ... for in him we live,
and move, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have
said, For we are also his offspring. Forasmuch then as we are the
offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto
gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man's device."[78]

Babylonian temples were houses of the gods in the literal sense; the
gods were supposed to dwell in them, their spirits having entered into
the graven images or blocks of stone. It is probable that like the
Ancient Egyptians they believed a god had as many spirits as he had
attributes. The gods, as we have said, appear to have evolved from
early spirit groups. All the world swarmed with spirits, which
inhabited stones and trees, mountains and deserts, rivers and ocean,
the air, the sky, the stars, and the sun and moon. The spirits
controlled Nature: they brought light and darkness, sunshine and
storm, summer and winter; they were manifested in the thunderstorm,
the sandstorm, the glare of sunset, and the wraiths of mist rising