riod, were natives
of southern states, a fact hardly conceivable if New England had been
largely represented in Illinois. Then, too, the natural routes from the
South led to, or near to, Illinois, the great road from the South crossing
the Ohio River at Shawneetown, and the Kentucky and Cumberland rivers
being natural water routes. Another fact to be noticed is that much of the
emigration was of relatives and friends to join those who had gone before,
and as Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, Tennessee, the Carolinas, and even
Georgia, had furnished a large number of early settlers to Illinois, this
was a powerful inducement to continued emigration from the same sources.
Similarly Ohio and Michigan had early received settlers from the East.

Immigration to Illinois was not large in comparison to that to neighboring
states or territories. Indians still held the greater part of Illinois,
and the inconveniences incident to frontier life were more pronounced as
the distance from the East increased. Pro-slavery men, and anti-slavery
men as well, were still in doubt as to the ultimate fate of slavery in
Illinois. This had a deterrent effect upon immigration.

IV. Life of the Settlers.

According to the marshal's return the manufactures in Illinois, in 1810,
were as follows:

Spinning-wheels, $630
Looms, 460; cloth produced, 90,039 yards, $54,028
Tanneries, 9; leather dressed, $7,750
Distilleries, 10,200 gallons, $7,500
Flour, 6,440 barrels, $32,200
Maple sugar, 15,600 lbs., $1,980(306)--$104,088

This list incidentally indicates the average price of several manufactured
articles. For the first six months of 1814, the internal revenue assessed
in Illinois was:

Licenses for stills and boilers, $490.14
Carriages, $62.00
Licenses to retailers, $835.00
Stamps, $5.60--$1392.74

Of this amount ($1392.74), $1047.37 had been paid by October 10,
1814.(307) For the period from April 18, 1815, to February 22, 1816, the
following were the internal duties:

Hats, caps, and bonnets, $ 66.50-1/2
Saddles and bridles, $65.25
Boots and bootees, $7.26
Leather, $184.35-1/2--$323.37

This was the smallest sum listed in any part of the United States, except
Michigan Territory.(308) For 1818:

Licenses for stills, $214.91
Licenses at 20c. per gal., $549.23
Duty on spirits at 25c. per gal., $701.26
On eighteen carriages, $36.75
Licenses to retailers, $1248.80
On stamped paper and bank-notes, $4.50
Manufactured goods, $220.14