would spend months in training dogs,
horses, birds, geese, and other fowls. He was wont to remark that all
animals were friendly to him as though they recognised in him one of
their own kind. Dostoyevsky's fellow-convicts showed great fondness for
a horse, an eagle, and a number of geese. They were so attached to a
goat that they wanted to gild its horns.

=FIG. 15
FERNANDO
Epileptic
(see page 60)=

_Somnambulism._ This is a frequent characteristic of epileptics.
Krafft-Ebing says:

"The seizure is often followed by a condition approaching
somnambulism. The patient appears to have recovered consciousness,
talks coherently, behaves in an orderly manner, and resumes his
ordinary occupations. Yet he is not really conscious as is shown by
the fact that, later he is entirely ignorant of what he has been
doing during this stage. This peculiar state of mental daze may
last a long time, sometimes during the whole interval between two
seizures."

Many of the criminals observed by Dostoyevsky were given to
gesticulating and talking agitatedly in their sleep.

Obscenity is a common characteristic. Kowalewsky (_Archivio di
Psichiatria_, 1885) notes the resemblance between the reproductive act
and the epileptic seizure, the tonic tension of the muscles, loss of
consciousness and mydriasis in both cases, and remarks also on the
frequency with which epileptic attacks are accompanied by sexual
propensities.

The desire for sexual indulgence, like the taste for alcohol, is
distinguished by the precocity peculiar to criminals and the morally
insane. Precocious sexual instincts have been observed in children of
four years, and in one case obscenity was manifested by an infant of one
year.

Marro (_Annali di Freniatria_, 1890) describes a child of three years
and ten months, who had exhibited signs of epilepsy from birth and was
of a jealous, irascible disposition. He was in the habit of scratching
and biting his brothers and sisters, knocking over the furniture, hiding
things, and tearing his clothes, and when unable to hurt or annoy
others, would vent his rage upon himself. If punished, he would continue
his misdeeds in an underhand way.

Another child had been afflicted with convulsions from his earliest
infancy, in consequence of which his character deteriorated, and while
still a mere infant, he behaved with the utmost violence. He killed a
cat, attempted to strangle