ents of distances
existing in any given portion of the country, but we can indicate those
distances by drawing our map even though very small so that lines,
angles, circles and dots will bear the same relation to each other as
the points they represent bear to each other. This is done by using a
small measure to represent a large measure. If 1 inch was used to
represent a mile, a map showing 80 square miles of ground, measuring
8x10 miles could be drawn on a comparatively small piece of paper.
Whatever scale is used must be noted on the map, however.

The true distances are found by pacing or by triangulation. The
interesting, helpful and necessary points are learned by observation.
These are the real guides when using a map and these should be placed
most correctly. Some of the symbols most generally used in map making
are shown in the accompanying cut.

To be able to read a map is quite as important as making one. Signs must
be understood, distances read, and directions known. It will help in
ascertaining the latter point to hold the map so its position will be
true to the points of the compass--the East to the East. This is called
orienting a map.

[Illustration: CONVENTIONAL SIGNS OF MAP MAKING

Camp Post office Telegraph
office

City, Town or Buildings Church
village

School W. W. Hos.
Water works Hospital

Windmill cem. Ruins
Cemetery

Fence Barbed smooth Stone
(any or board) Wire Fence Fence

Wagon Footpath or Wagon Road
Road Trail (unfenced)

Railroad Double Track Trolley
Station R. R. Line]

[Illustration:

general symbol streams spring
or
Foot Falls and
Rapids or
Bridges
Telegraph Lines

Ferries Grassland Cultivated
Fields

Lake or