ing in the high north,
were, when the first cold occurred, more or less frostbitten, on
several occasions so that there arose high frost-blisters filled
with bloody water, several square centimetres in extent, but
fortunately never to such a degree that any serious bad results
followed. After we, newcomers to the Polar regions, warned by
experience, became more careful, such frostbites occurred but
seldom. Nor did there occur a single case of frostbite in the feet.
To this conduced our clothing, which was adapted to the climate,
and, besides good winter clothes of the sort commonly used in
Sweden, consisted of the following articles of dress brought with us
specially for use in the high north:--

1. An abundant stock of good _woollen under-clothing_.

2. A carefully made _blouse of sailcloth_, provided with many
pockets, intended to be drawn over the ordinary seaman's dress as a
protection against wind and drifting snow. This proved to be very
suitable for the purpose for which it was intended, and was much
liked by the crew.

3. A Lapp _"pesk" with leggings_ was not so often used, because it
was so warm that it was only with difficulty one could walk with it
any considerable distance. On the other hand, in the case of winter
journeys with dogs or reindeer it was indispensable.

4. A pair of very large _canvas boots_ with leather soles. Inside
these was put hay of _Carex vesicaria_ L. The foot itself was
covered with one or two pairs of stockings, above which there was a
foot-strip of felt. Our boots were thus intermediate between the
foot-covering introduced by Parry for Arctic journeys, and the
hay-filled _komager_ of the Lapps. All who used these canvas boots
are unanimous in thinking that they left nothing to desire. Even in
the case of extended excursions in wet snow they are to be preferred
to leather shoes; for the latter become heavy and drenched with
water, and can with difficulty be dried in the open air in the
course of a night's rest. Canvas boots and the long hay in them on
the other hand are easily dried in a single night. They are also
light when wet, and in that state little prejudicial to health on
account of the change of air which the hay under the foot renders
possible. I therefore am of opinion that we are warranted in giving
such boots the highest recommendation for winter journeys and winter
hunting excursions, even in our own land.

5. An _Oeresund cap_ and a loose _felt hood_ (baschlik) o