4 and 595;
Neal, IV. 121-123; with references to Worthington's Diary by
Crossley, and Cattermole's _Literature of the Church of
England_.]

While it was chiefly through the organized means afforded by the
Universities and Colleges that Cromwell did what he could for the
encouragement of learning, his relations to the learned men
individually that were living in the time of his Protectorate were
always at least courteous, and in some instances peculiarly
friendly.

Usher being dead (March 21, 1655-6), and also the great Selden (Nov.
20, 1654) and the venerable and learned Gataker (July 27, 1654), the
following were the Englishmen of greatest literary celebrity already,
or of greatest coming note in English literary history, who were
alive at the midpoint of Oliver's Protectorate, and could and did
then range themselves (for we exclude those of insufficient age) as
his adherents on the whole, his subjects by mere compulsion, or his
implacable and exiled enemies. We divide the list into groups
according to that classification, as calculated for the year 1656;
but the names within each group are arranged in the order of
seniority:[1]--

[Footnote 1: There may be errors and omissions in the list; but,
having taken some pains, I will risk it as it stands.]

ADHERENTS MORE OR LESS CORDIAL.

George Wither (_aetat_ 68).
John Goodwin (_aetat_ 63).
Edmund Calamy (_aetat_ 56).
Thomas Goodwin (_aetat_ 56).
John Lightfoot (_aetat_ 54).
Edmund Waller (_aetat_ 51).
John Rushworth (_aetat_ 49).
Milton (_aetat_ 48).
Benjamin Whichcote (_aetat_ 46).
James Harrington (_aetat_ 45).
Henry More (_aetat_ 42).
John Wilkins (_aetat_ 42).
John Owen (_aetat_ 40).
John Wallis (_aetat_ 40).
Ralph Cudworth (_aetat_ 39).
Algernon Sidney (_aetat_ 39).
Marchamont Needham (_aetat_ 36).
Andrew Marvell (_aetat_ 36).
Roger Boyle, Lord Broghill (_aetat_ 35).
William Petty (_aetat_ 33).
Thomas Stanley (_aetat_ 31).
John Aubrey (_aetat_ 30).
Robert Boyle (_aetat_ 29).
John Bunyan (_aetat_ 28).
Sir William Temple (_aetat_ 27).
John Tillotson (_aetat_ 26).
John Howe (_aetat_ 26).
Edward Phillips (_aetat_ 26).
John Phillips (_aetat_ 25).
John Dryden (_aetat_ 25).
Henry Stubbe (_aetat_ 25).
John Locke (_aetat_ 24).
Samuel Pepys (_aetat_ 24).
Edward Stillingfleet (_aetat_ 21).

SUBJECTS BY COMPULSION.

Ex-Bishop Hall (died Sept. 8, 1656, _aetat_ 82).
John Hales