e milk or milk
gruels answer the purpose more efficiently and without bad results.

~Energy Requirements of Infant.~--The average baby requires fifty
calories per day per pound of body weight to cover his energy growth
and development needs for the first three months of life, after which
the rate of growth is less and his requirements decrease from
forty-three to forty, then to thirty-five calories per day per pound
by the end of his first year.

~Amount of Milk Needed for Infant.~--Approximately two and one-third
ounces to each pound of body weight per day covers the needs of the
average baby.

~Fuel Value of Mother's Milk.~--Each ounce of milk yields twenty
calories.

~The Making of Milk.~--It has been estimated that for every calorie
yielded by milk, two extra calories must be provided by food.

PROBLEMS

(a) Formulate a dietary for a pregnant woman, allowing for a twenty
per cent. increase over her normal requirements.

(b) Show how the diet may be made to cover the need for additional
iron, calcium and phosphorus.

(c) Formulate a diet for a nursing mother with an infant two months
old and weighing twelve pounds.

FOOTNOTE:

[63] "Feeding the Family," p. 93, by Mary Swartz Rose.

CHAPTER IX

INFANT FEEDING

In taking up this part of our study on nutrition, there are several
points to be kept in mind by the nurse: (1) that it will be difficult,
if not impossible, to understand the metabolic changes taking place in
abnormal conditions unless those occurring in the normal human body
are understood; (2) that certain diseases are due directly to errors
in diet; (3) that in other diseases, diet plays the chief part both in
the bringing about and in the relieving of the conditions; (4) whereas
there are certain other diseases not affected by diet, save in so far
as well or poorly selected and prepared food always affects the
individual, whether normal or abnormal, and that in the latter
conditions the organism is more susceptible to bad influences.

This being the case it behooves the nurse to examine herself to find
whether or not she understands the fundamental principles underlying
the nutrition of the human body, that she may efficiently deal with
the changes which occur more or less when the body is attacked by
disease.

We include normal infant feeding in this section, because in no other
age is it quite so necessary for care to be observed in formulating
and carrying out a diet. Er