English poem _Cursor Mundi_ composed. It was founded
on Caedmon's paraphrase of the book of Genesis.

1321. Death of Dante while in exile at Ravenna.

1322. Philip V dies; he is succeeded by his brother, Charles IV, on the
throne of France.

Louis the Bavarian triumphs over his rival Frederick of Austria, who is
captured.

Queen Isabella, while resident in the Tower of London, first sees
Mortimer, who is brought there a prisoner.

Sir John Mandeville, an English exile in France, sets out on his eastern
travels.

1323. Louis of Bavaria invests his son with the margraviate of
Brandenburg.

1324. Commencement of Queen Isabella's guilty intimacy with Mortimer.

Birth of Wycliffe.[88]

Pope John XXII excommunicates Louis the Bavarian.

1325. Birth of John Gower, poet, and friend of Chaucer.

1326. Burgesses are first admitted into the Scotch Parliament.

Isabella, Queen of Edward II, and Earl Mortimer invade England; the King
is captured and imprisoned in Kenilworth castle.

1327. King Edward II is deposed by parliament; Edward III, his son,
succeeds. Edward II is brutally murdered by his keepers.

Louis V, the Bavarian, of Germany heads an expedition into Italy; he
proclaims the deposition of Pope John XXII; he is forced to retreat
after being crowned in Rome.

1328. Independence of Scotland recognized by Edward III of England.

Accession of Philip VI of France, the first of the house of Valois.

Birth of Chaucer.[88]

1329. Death of Robert Bruce; his infant son, David, succeeds to the
Scotch throne.

1330. Orkham, Sultan of the Turks, captures Nicaea.

Queen Isabella and Mortimer are surprised in Nottingham castle[89]; he
is executed at Tyburn; Isabella is confined during her life at Castle
Rising.

1331. John Kempe takes his servants and apprentices from Flanders to
join the weaving colony already founded at Norwich, England.

1332. Edward Balliol claims the crown of Scotland; he invades that
country with an English army. The young King, David, takes refuge in
France.

Lucerne joins the Swiss confederacy.

1333. Edward III of England invades Scotland; he defeats the Scotch at
Halidon Hill and captures Berwick, which is annexed to England.

Casimir the Great, last king of the Piast line, succeeds to the throne
of Poland.

1334. Denmark in a state of anarchy; Gerard, Count of Holstein,
exercises a disputed power as regent.

1335. The house of Austria becomes possessed of Carinthia.

13