ng--His Style Essentially One of
Ideas.

CHAPTER XIII

THE OPPONENT OF MATERIALISM 218

Science and Metaphysics--Berkeley, Hume, and Hobbes--Existence of
Matter and Mind--Descartes's Contribution--Materialism and
Idealism--Criticism of Materialism--Berkeley's Idealism--Criticism
of Idealism--Empirical Idealism--Materialism as opposed to
Supernaturalism--Mind and Brain--Origin of Life--Teleology,
Chance, and the Argument from Design.

CHAPTER XIV

FREEDOM OF THOUGHT 232

Authority and Knowledge in Science--The Duty of Doubt--Authority
and Individual Judgment in Religion--The Protestant Position--Sir
Charles Lyell and the Deluge--Infallibility--The Church and
Science--Morality and Dogma--Civil and Religious
Liberty--Agnosticism and Clericalism--Meaning of
Agnosticism--Knowledge and Evidence--The Method of Agnosticism.

CHAPTER XV

THE BIBLE AND MIRACLES 245

Why Huxley Came to Write about the Bible--A _Magna Charta_ of the
Poor--The Theological Use of the Bible--The Doctrine of Biblical
Infallibility--The Bible and Science--The Three Hypotheses of the
Earth's History--Changes in the Past Proved--The Creation
Hypothesis--Gladstone on Genesis--Genesis not a Record of
Fact--The Hypothesis of Evolution--The New Testament--Theory of
Inspiration--Reliance on the Miraculous--The Continuity of Nature
no _a priori_ Argument against Miracles---Possibilities and
Impossibilities--Miracles a Question of Evidence--Praise of the
Bible.

CHAPTER XVI

ETHICS OF THE COSMOS 261

Conduct and Metaphysics--Conventional and Critical Minds--Good
and Evil--Huxley's Last Appearance at Oxford--The Ethical Process
and the Cosmic Process--Man's Intervention--The Cosmic Process
Evil--Ancient Reconciliations--Modern Acceptance of the
Difficulties--Criticism of Huxley's Pessimism--Man and his Ethical
Aspirations Part of the Cosmos.

CHAPTER XVII

CLOSING DAYS AND SUMMARY 275

Huxley's Life in London--Decennial
Periods--Ill-health--Retirement to Eastbourne--Death--Personal
Appearance--Methods of Work--Personal Characteristics--An Inspirer
of Others--His Influence in Science--A Naturalist by Vocation--His
Aspirations.