l. vii. p. 481.

[613] The proclamation ordering that Catherine should be called not queen,
but Princess Dowager.

[614] Catherine de Medici.

[615] Henry VIII. to the Duke of Norfolk: _State Papers_, vol. vii. p. 493.

[616] Sir John Racket, writing from Ghent on the 6th of September,
describes as the general impression that the Pope's "trust was to assure
his alliance on both sides." "He trusts to bring about that his Majesty the
French king and he shall become and remain in good, fast, and sure alliance
together; and so ensuring that they three (the Pope, Francis, and Charles
V.) shall be able to reform and set good order in the rest of Christendom.
But whether his Unhappiness's--I mean his Holiness's--intention, is set for
the welfare and utility of Christendom, or for his own insincerity and
singular purpose, I remit that to God and to them that know more of the
world than I do."--Hacket to Cromwell: _State Papers_, vol. vii. p. 506.

[617] John the Magnanimous, son of John the Steadfast, and nephew of the
Elector Frederick, Luther's first protector.

[618] _State Papers_, vol. vii. pp. 499-501.

[619] Princeps Elector ducit se imparem ut Regiae Celsitudinis vel aliorum
regum oratores ea lege in aula sua degerent; vereturque ne ob id apud
Caesaream majestatem unicum ejus Dominum et alios male audiret, possetque
sinistre tale institutum interpretari.--Reply of the Elector: _State
Papers_, vol. vii. p. 503.

[620] Vaughan to Cromwell: _State Papers_, vol vii. p. 509.

[621] I consider the man, with other two--that is to say, the Landgrave von
Hesse and the Duke of Lunenberg--to be the chief and principal defenders
and maintainers of the Lutheran sect: who considering the same with no
small difficulty to be defended, as well against the emperor and the
bishops of Germany, his nigh and shrewd neighbours, as against the most
opinion of all Christian men, feareth to raise any other new matter whereby
they should take a larger and peradventure a better occasion to revenge the
same. The King's Highness seeketh to have intelligence with them, as they
conjecture to have them confederate with him; yea, and that against the
emperor, if he would anything pretend against the king.--Here is the thing
which I think feareth the duke.--Vaughan to Cromwell: _State Papers_, vol.
vii. pp. 509-10.

[622] HALL, p. 805.

[623] _State Papers_, vol. vii. p. 512.

[624] The Duke of Albany, during the minority of James V., had he