leon prevented their cordial
reception, they nevertheless commanded and retained the respect of
scientists and had many devoted friends, including Broussais and
Andral, who then stood at the head of the medical profession, and of
Corvisart, Napoleon's physician, who could not overcome his master's
prejudice.

In speaking of the great void left by the decease of Gall and
Spurzheim, I do not forget that for a few years George Combe, Dr.
Elliotson, and Dr. Macartney, of England, and Dr. Caldwell, of
America, survived, but these eminent gentlemen were not so identified
with the science, or so competent to sustain it as to wear the mantle
of its founders. My own labors beginning after the death of the
founders were those of investigation and discovery, and never to any
great extent those of propagation. Indeed, for twenty years I entirely
abandoned the scientific rostrum, and almost ended my labors, feeling
that my duty had been done in the way of development and
demonstration. But in accordance with the great law of periodicity, I
resumed my labors in 1877-78.

When we look at the doctrines of Gall and Spurzheim in the light of
positive science and philosophy, our first observation is that they
fell very far short of revealing the entire functions of the brain,
and discovering in it all the important spiritual and physical
faculties and energies of life. They did not attempt to explore the
brain as a physiological organ, and determine how or in what special
organs it controls the physiological functions. These may be regarded
as one half, though the lower half, of its capacities, out of which
arises a vast amount of medical philosophy.

As to the psychic half of the cerebral functions, they omitted
entirely that portion which relates to pneumatology. They thought
nothing of the soul as an object of science, and made no attempt to
trace its connection with the brain, and the vast number of phenomena
which lie along the border line between the physical and spiritual,
and which are conspicuous in the phenomena of somnambulism, sleep,
dreaming, hypnotism, spiritualism, clairvoyance, trance, ecstasy, and
religious marvels.

Overlooking these things, they sought the seats of from twenty-seven
faculties (as with Gall) to thirty-five (as with Spurzheim), and did
not appear to realize how many had been entirely omitted. When all
they attempted to locate are located by positive experiment and
assigned their proper localities an